shell基本使用

```cpp
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello World !"
echo "This is a test"

# variable: no blank-space 
myName="Wite_Chen"
echo $myName
# print the length
echo ${#myName}

# concat string
echo "hello $myName, nice to meet you"

#----array
color=(red block white)
length=${#color[*]} # store the length of array
echo "length of array: $length"
# print the data
for var in ${color[@]};do
echo $var
done 

# multi-line comment
:<<EOF
echo "comment"
EOF

# delete character
:<<EOF
#、## 表示从左边开始删除。一个 # 表示从左边删除到第一个指定的字符；两个 # 表示从左边删除到最后一个指定的字符。

%、%% 表示从右边开始删除。一个 % 表示从右边删除到第一个指定的字符；两个 % 表示从左边删除到最后一个指定的字符。

删除包括了指定的字符本身
EOF
var="http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-shell-variable.html"

s1=${var%%t*}
s2=${var%t*}
s3=${var%%.*}
s4=${var#*/}
s5=${var##*/}

echo $s1 $s2 $s3 $s4 $s5

# get the paras for scripts
echo "Shell 传递参数实例, 参数个数: $#"
echo "执行的文件名：$0"
echo "第一个参数为：$1"
# $@和$*都能获取到参数信息，$*是保存到一个字符串，$@分开保存
nPara=0
for para in "$@";do
    echo "para[$nPara]: $para"
    let nPara++
done

# expr 是一款表达式计算工具，使用它能完成表达式的求值操作。
sum=`expr 1 + 1` # blank-space between in parameters
echo "1 + 1 = $sum"
num1=100
num2=200
#if [ $num1 != $num2 ];then
if [ $num1 -eq $num2 ];then
    echo "num1[$num1] equle to num2[$num2].";
elif [ $num1 -lt $num2 ];then
    echo "num1[$num1] less than num2[$num2].";
else
    echo "num1[$num1] greater than num2[$num2].";
fi

# while
cond=5;
while(( $cond>=0 ));do
    echo $cond;
    let cond--;
done;

# case: 其间所有命令开始执行直至 ;;
echo '输入 1 到 4 之间的数字:'
echo '你输入的数字为:'
choice=5;
#read choice
case $choice in
    1)  echo '你选择了 1'
    ;;
    2)  echo '你选择了 2'
    ;;
    3)  echo '你选择了 3'
    ;;
    4)  echo '你选择了 4'
    ;;
    5|6)  echo "你选择了 5|6, $choice"
    ;;
    *)  echo '你没有输入 1 到 4 之间的数字'
    ;;
esac

# -e: 开启转义字符
echo -e "Hello \nWorld!";

# -p 输入提示文字
# -n 输入字符长度限制(达到6位，自动结束)
# -t 输入限时
# -s 隐藏输入内容
#read -p "请输入密码: " -n 6 -t 5 -s password
#echo -e "\npassword is $password"
#echo $password>password.txt # clear the data and write
# append
#echo $password>>password.txt


# print
age=27;
name=wite;
printf "name[%s], age[%d]\n" $name $age 

# create file/directory
curr_dir=$(pwd)
echo $curr_dir
dir="$curr_dir/data"
if [ -d $dir ];then
    echo "Directory[$dir] exist. ";
    create_ret=1;
    #`mkdir $dir` || let create_ret=0;
    mkdir $dir;
    echo "create directory result: $?";
    rm -r $dir;
else
    echo "Directory[$dir] not exist. ";
    creat_dir=`mkdir $dir`;
    echo "create directory result: $creat_dir";
fi

# function
PrintData()
{
    echo "参数个数：$#";
    echo "This is function test";
    echo "参数1 $1"
    echo "参数2 $2"
    # 参数>=10, ${n}来获取参数
    #echo "参数10: ${10}";
}
PrintData 1 2 3; # invoke function

# include source file
. ./data.sh # or source ./data.sh
echo "File declared variable: $data"