第一行代码Android 【学习笔记3】 ---listView RecycleView

  1.ListView使用方法

需要通过适配器来设置listView的内容。在构造函数中传入参数：代码如下

public class listViewAcitivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public String[]data = {
        "Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Cherry"
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_view_acitivity);
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(listViewAcitivity.this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);// 初始化适配器，第二个参数是子布局
        ListView listview = findViewById(R.id.listview);
        listview.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

效果图：

定制界面：

首先创建水果类;

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageID;
    public Fruit(String name,int iamgeID){
        this.name = name;
        this.imageID = imageID;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public int getImageID(){
        return imageID;
    }
}

再写一个适配器：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceID;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceID = textViewResourceId;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);   //获取当前项的furit实例
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceID,parent,false);
        ImageView fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage);
        TextView fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.ifRoom);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageID());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

构造函数是这样 是因为它继承的构造函数就是这样。

另外需要重写getView()方法。在getView()方法中，首先通过getItem()方法取得实例。在LayoutInflater的inflate（）方法中需要3个参数。第三个参数是false用途是：表示只让我们在父布局中声明的layout属性生效，但不为View添加父布局。

fruit_item.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    >

    <ImageView

        android:id="@+id/fruitImage"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView

        android:id="@+id/fruitName"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"

        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

在Activity中

public class listViewAcitivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_view_acitivity);
        initFruits();  //初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(listViewAcitivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listView);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){//初始化同时声明图片地址
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.icon_home);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana =  new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.icon_me);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.icon_tree);
        }
    }
}

 

效果：

提高listView的效率，

利用缓存进行效率的提升。如果convertView 为Null ，则使用LayoutInflater去加载布局，如果不为空，则直接用convertView。另外，还可以使用ViewHolder来提高部分性能。代码如下：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
    private int resourceID;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceID = textViewResourceId;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);   //获取当前项的furit实例
        View view ;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if(convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceID,parent,false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage);
            viewHolder.fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);   //将viewHolder存储在view中
        }
        else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();  //重新获取viewHolder
        }
        ImageView fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage);
        TextView fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName);
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageID());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

点击事件

listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) {
        Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
        Toast.makeText(listViewAcitivity.this,fruit.getName() + "  " + position,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

    }
});

position是从0开始。

 

RecycleView

把之前的fruit-item.xml  以及 fruit 类复制一份。

首先，必须引入相应的包：【在app/build.gradle】

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.+'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.+'
    compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}

再写一个适配器：

public class FruitAdapter2 extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter2.ViewHolder> {
    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        public ViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage);
            fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName);
        }
    }
    public FruitAdapter2(List<Fruit> fruitList){
        this.mFruitList = fruitList;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
//创建viewHolder实例
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
        ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        return holder;
    }
//绑定元素
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageID());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }
//返回数目
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mFruitList.size();
    }
}

有一个内部类 ViewHolder。因为这个适配器是继承，因此要重写超类的部分方法。

Activity 代码：

public class recycleView extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_recycle_view);
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.RecycleView);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter2 adapter2 = new FruitAdapter2(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter2);
    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.icon_home);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana =  new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.icon_me);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.icon_tree);
        }
    }
}

这里有一个注意的地方：要给recycleView设置一个布局。

设置为横向

 

fruit-item进行修改

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="100dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    >
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruitImage"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruitName"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

 

在activity中：在recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);前面添加layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL);  即可实现

recycleView还为我们提供了GridLayoutManager 以及 StaggeredGridLayoutManager

：