1、自动属性的增强
1.1、自动属性初始化 (Initializers for auto-properties)
C#4.0下的果断实现不了的。
只要接触过C#的肯定都会喜欢这种方式。真是简洁方便呀。
1.2、只读属性初始化Getter-only auto-properties
先来看一下我们之前使用的方式吧
public class Customer
{
public string Name { get; }
public Customer(string firstName,string lastName)
{
Name = firstName +" "+ lastName;
}
}
再来看一下C#6.0中
public class Customer
{
public string FirstName { get; }="aehyok";
public string LastName { get; }="Kris";
}
和第一条自动属性初始化使用方式一致。
2、Expression bodied function members
2.1 用Lambda作为函数体Expression bodies on method-like members
public Point Move(int dx, int dy) => new Point(x + dx, y + dy);
再来举一个简单的例子:一个没有返回值的函数
public void Print() => Console.WriteLine(FirstName + " " + LastName);
2.2、Lambda表达式用作属性Expression bodies on property-like function members
public override string ToString()
{
return FirstName + " " + LastName;
}
现在C#6中
public class User
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public override string ToString() => string.Format("{0}——{1}", FirstName, LastName);
public string FullName => FirstName + " " + LastName;
}
3、引用静态类Using Static
在Using中可以指定一个静态类,然后可以在随后的代码中直接使用静态的成员
4、空值判断Null-conditional operators
直接来看代码和运行结果
通过结果可以发现返回的都为null,再也不像以前那样繁琐的判断null勒
5、字符串嵌入值
在字符串中嵌入值
之前一直使用的方式是
现在我们可以简单的通过如下的方式进行拼接
6、nameof表达式nameof expressions
在方法参数检查时,你可能经常看到这样的代码(之前用的少,这次也算学到了)
public static void AddCustomer(Customer customer)
{
if (customer == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("customer");
}
}
里面有那个customer是我们手写的字符串,在给customer改名时,很容易把下面的那个字符串忘掉,C#6.0 nameof帮我们解决了这个问题,看看新写法
public static void AddCustomer(Customer customer)
{
if (customer == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(customer));
}
}
7、带索引的对象初始化器Index initializers
直接通过索引进行对象的初始化,原来真的可以实现
通过这种方式可以发现字典中只有三个元素,所以也就只有这三个索引可以访问额,其他类型的对象和集合也是可以通过这种方式进行初始化的,在此就不进行一一列举了。
8、异常过滤器 (Exception filters)
先来看一个移植过来的方法
try
{
var numbers = new Dictionary<int, string> {[7] = "seven",[9] = "nine",[13] = "thirteen" };
}
catch (ArgumentNullException e)
{
if (e.ParamName == "customer")
{
Console.WriteLine("customer can not be null");
}
}
在微软的文档中还给出了另一种用法,这个异常会在日志记录失败时抛给上一层调用者
private static bool Log(Exception e)
{
///处理一些日志
return false;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
///
}
catch (Exception e){if (!Log(e))
{
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
9、catch和finally 中的 await —— Await in catch and finally blocks
在C#5.0中,await关键字是不能出现在catch和finnaly块中的。而在6.0中
try
{
res = await Resource.OpenAsync(…); // You could do this. …
}
catch (ResourceException e)
{
await Resource.LogAsync(res, e); // Now you can do this …
} finally
{
if (res != null)
await res.CloseAsync(); // … and this.
}
10、无参数的结构体构造函数—— Parameterless constructors in structs
C# 6.0 新特性汇总
1. 静态using(static using)
静态using声明允许不使用类名直接调用静态方法
//The static using declaration allows invoking static methods without the class name.
//In C# 5
using System;
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
//In C# 6
using static System.Console;
WriteLine("Hello, World");
2. 表达式方法(Expression-Bodied Methods)
使用表达式方法,只有一条语句的方法可以使用lambda语法写。
//With expression-bodied methods, a method that includes just one statement can be written with the lambda syntax.
//In C# 5
public bool IsSquare(Rectangle rect)
{
return rect.Height == rect.Width;
}
//In C# 6
public bool IsSquare(Rectangle rect) => rect.Height == rect.Width;
3. 表达式属性(Expression-Bodied Properties)
跟表达式方法类似,只有一个get访问器的单行属性可以使用lambda语法写。
//Similar to expression-bodied methods, one-line properties with only a get accessor can be written with the lambda syntax
//In C# 5
public string FullName
{
get
{
return FirstName +"" + LastName;
}
}
//In C# 6
public string FullName => FirstName +"" + LastName;
4. 自动属性初始化器(Auto-Implemented Property Intializers)
自动属性可以使用属性初始化器初始化。
//Auto-implemented properties can be initialized with a property initializer.
//In C# 5
public class Person
{
public Person()
{
Age = 24;
}
public int Age {get; set;}
}
//In C# 6
public class Person
{
public int Age {get; set;} = 42;
}
5. 只读自动属性(Read-Only Auto Properties)
C# 5需要完整的属性语法实现只读属性,C# 6可以使用自动属性实现。
//To implement read-only properties, C# 5 requires the full property syntax. With C# 6, you can do this using auto-implemented properties.
//In C# 5
private readonly int _bookId;
public BookId
{
get
{
return _bookId;
}
}
//In C# 6
public BookId {get;}
6. nameof操作符(nameof Operator)
字段、属性、方法和类型的name可以通过nameof访问。使用nameof,可以方便的重构name变化。
//With the new nameof operator, names of fields, properties, methods, or types can be accessed. With this, name changes are not missed with refactoring.
//In C# 5
public void Method(object o)
{
if (o == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("o");
//In C# 6
public void Method(object o)
{
if (o == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(o));
7. Null传递操作符(Null Propagation Operator)
Null传递操作符简化了空值检查。
//The null propagation operator simplifies null checks.
//In C# 5
int? age = p == null ? null : p.Age;
var handler = Event;
if (handler != null)
{
handler(source, e);
}
//In C# 6
int? age = p?.Age;
handler?.Invoke(source, e);
8. 字符串插值(String Interpolation)
字符串差值移除了对string.Format的调用,使用表达式占位符取代数字格式占位符。
//The string interpolation removes calls to string.Format. Instead of using numbered format placeholders in the string, the placeholders can include expressions.
//In C# 5
public override ToString()
{
return string.Format("{0}, {1}", Title, Publisher);
}
//In C# 6
public override ToString() => $"{Title} {Publisher}";
9. 字典初始化器(Dictionary Initializers)
字典可以使用类似集合的字典初始化器初始化。
//Dictionaries can now be initialized with a dictionary initializer—similar to the collection initializer.
//In C# 5
var dict = new Dictionary<int, string>();
dict.Add(3,"three");
dict.Add(7,"seven");
//In C# 6
var dict = new Dictionary<int, string>()
{
[3] ="three",
[7] ="seven"
};
10. 异常过滤器(Exception Filters)
异常过滤器允许你在捕获异常前进行过滤。
//Exception filters allow you to filter exceptions before catching them.
//In C# 5
try
{
//etc.
} catch (MyException ex)
{
if (ex.ErrorCode != 405) throw;
// etc.
}
//In C# 6
try
{
//etc.
} catch (MyException ex) when (ex.ErrorCode == 405)
{
// etc.
}
11. 在Catch使用Await(Await in Catch)
await可以在catch块中直接使用,C# 5中需要变通使用。
//await can now be used in the catch clause. C# 5 required a workaround.
//In C# 5
bool hasError = false;
string errorMessage = null;
try
{
//etc.
} catch (MyException ex)
{
hasError = true;
errorMessage = ex.Message;
}
if (hasError)
{
await new MessageDialog().ShowAsync(errorMessage);
}
//In C# 6
try
{
//etc.
} catch (MyException ex)
{
await new MessageDialog().ShowAsync(ex.Message);
}