Python—①列表

Python中的列表提供了很多函数，都可以直接调用，十分方便。

member = [1,2,3,4,5,6] 
#member的操作函数
#增添：append，extend，insert
#删除：remove，pop
#复制：copy
#清空：clear
#排序：sort，reverse(倒序)
#计数：count
#索引：index

增添

1. append

member.append(7)  #在末尾添加新的对象7
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

member.append('7')
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,'7']

2. extend

member.append([7])  #在末尾添加新的对象7
#member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
member.append(['7'])
#member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,'7']
member.append(['7','8'])
#member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,['7','8']]

3. insert

#insert(index,obj)  index位置 obj对象
member.insert(6,7)  #在末尾添加新的对象7
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

member.insert(6,'7')
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,'7']

member.insert(6,['7','8'])
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,['7','8']]

删除

1. remove

#insert(index,obj)  index位置 obj对象
member.remove(6)  #删除末尾的对象6
member = [1,2,3,4,5]

member.remove(2)  #删除对象2
member = [1,3,4,5,6]

del member[6]
member = [1,2,3,4,5]

2.pop

#pop(index)  删除index位置的元素并返回该元素
member.pop()  #删除末尾对象6
member = [1,2,3,4,5]

member.pop(2)  #注意这里的2不是元素2，而是位置2
member = [1,2,4,5,6]

复制

1.copy

arr = member.copy()  #删除末尾对象6
arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

arr2 = member
arr2 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
#直接相等，相当于给membr起别名，arr和member指向内容相同，id相同,对arr的操作会同样作用于member
#利用copy，复制一个新的列表，和member无关系，id不同

清空

1.clear

member.clear()  #清空列表中的对象
member = []

del member[:]
member = []

del member
#删除列表，区别于清空

排序

1.sort

#sort(key=None,reverse=False) 
#key进行比较的元素，reverse排序方式(默认升序)
member = [2,1,4,6,3,5]
member.sort()  
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

member = [2,1,4,6,3,5]
member.sort(reverse=True)  
member = [6,5,4,3,2,1]

member = ['Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao', 'Facebook']
member.sort()  #字符串按照ASCII码排序
member = ['Facebook', 'Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao']

2.reverse

member = [2,1,4,6,3,5]
member.reverse()   #元素反向
member = [5,3,6,4,1,2]

计数

1.count

#count(obj) 
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6,1,1,'1','1']
number1 = member.count(1)  
number1 = 3
number2 = member.count('1')
number2 = 2

索引

1.index

#index(obj[, start[, end])  #范围为(end-start)个元素
member = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
number1 = member.index(2)  
number1 = 1
number2 = member.index(3,0,4) #从member[0]->member[3]共4-0个元素中查找
number2 = 2