leetcode 678. Valid Parenthesis String【stack+logic,greedy,dynamic】

678. Valid Parenthesis String【stack+logic,greedy,dynamic】

Given a string s containing only three types of characters: ‘(’, ‘)’ and ‘*’, return true if s is valid.

The following rules define a valid string:

Any left parenthesis ‘(’ must have a corresponding right parenthesis ‘)’.
Any right parenthesis ‘)’ must have a corresponding left parenthesis ‘(’.
Left parenthesis ‘(’ must go before the corresponding right parenthesis ‘)’.
‘*’ could be treated as a single right parenthesis ‘)’ or a single left parenthesis ‘(’ or an empty string “”.

Example 1:

Input: s = “()”
Output: true
Example 2:

Input: s = “(*)”
Output: true
Example 3:

Input: s = “(*))”
Output: true

Constraints:

1 <= s.length <= 100
s[i] is ‘(’, ‘)’ or ‘*’.

stack O(n)

class Solution {
public:
    bool checkValidString(string s) {
        int n=s.size();
        vector<int>starSum(n,0);
        
        stack<int> myStack;
        deque<int> myStar;

        int now=0;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){

            if(s[i]=='*')myStar.push_back(i);
            else if(s[i]=='('){
                myStack.push(i);
            }else{
                if(!myStack.empty())myStack.pop();
                else if(!myStar.empty()){
                    myStar.pop_front();
                }else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        while(!myStack.empty()){
            int index=myStack.top();
            myStack.pop();

            if(myStar.empty())return false;

            int sindex=myStar.back();;
            if(sindex>index){
                myStar.pop_back();
            }else{
                return false;
            }

        }

        return true;
    }
};
  • just attend logic and data structure
  • and greedy:a right parenthesis must match a left parenthesis or star, and choose the leftmost, because the rightmost maybe need to save for the left parenthesis
  • so the rest left parenthesis must match a left parenthesis or star, and choose the rightmost
  • actually, just all stack is OK, because when the right parenthesis match the star, no left parenthesis in left

dynamic O(n^2)

class Solution {
    public boolean checkValidString(String s) {
        int n = s.length();
        boolean[][] f = new boolean[n + 1][n + 1];
        f[0][0] = true;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            char c = s.charAt(i - 1);
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                if (c == '(') {
                    if (j - 1 >= 0) f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j - 1];
                } else if (c == ')') {
                    if (j + 1 <= i) f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j + 1];
                } else {
                    f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j];
                    if (j - 1 >= 0) f[i][j] |= f[i - 1][j - 1];
                    if (j + 1 <= i) f[i][j] |= f[i - 1][j + 1];
                }
            }
        }
        return f[n][0];
    }
}

作者:AC_OIer
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/valid-parenthesis-string/solution/gong-shui-san-xie-yi-ti-shuang-jie-dong-801rq/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

定义 f[i][j] 为考虑前 i 个字符(字符下标从 1 开始),能否与 j 个右括号形成合法括号序列。

Greedy O(n)

class Solution {
    public boolean checkValidString(String s) {
        int l = 0, r = 0;
        for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
            if (c == '(') {
                l++; r++;
            } else if (c == ')') {
                l--; r--;
            } else {
                l--; r++;
            }
            l = Math.max(l, 0);
            if (l > r) return false;
        }
        return l == 0;
    }
}

作者:AC_OIer
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/valid-parenthesis-string/solution/gong-shui-san-xie-yi-ti-shuang-jie-dong-801rq/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

由于存在可变化的 * 符号,因此考虑在考虑前 i 个字符,其能与消耗的左括号的数量具有明确的「上界与下界」。且当前上界与下界的变化,仅取决于「当前为何种字符」,以及「处理上一个字符时上界与下界为多少」

需要注意的是,在匹配过程中如果 l 为负数,需要重置为 0,因为如果当前序列本身为不合法括号序列的话,增加 ( 必然还是不合法。同时,当出现 l > r 说明上界为负数,即右括号过多,必然为非合法方案,返回 falsefalse。

作者:AC_OIer
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/valid-parenthesis-string/solution/gong-shui-san-xie-yi-ti-shuang-jie-dong-801rq/

class Solution {
    public boolean checkValidString(String s) {
        int l=0,r=0;
        for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++){
            char c=s.charAt(i);
            if(c=='('){
                l++;r++;
            }else if(c==')'){
                l--;r--;
            }else{
                l--;r++;
            }
            if(l<0)l=0;
            if(r<0)return false; //!!!!
        }
        return l==0;
    }
}

deque c++

deque双端队列的操作(可以在队头队尾进行入队出队操作)

deque<int> dq;创建一个数双端队列dq

dq.empty();判断队列是否为空,为空返回true

dq.push_front(s);将s从队头入队

dq.push_back(s);将s从队尾入队,和普通队列方式一样

dq.front();只返回队头元素

dq.back();只返回队尾元素

dq.pop_front();将队头元素弹出

dq.pop_back;将队尾元素弹出

dq.clear();将队列清空
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