Reduce内存不足的解决方案

MapReduce作业运行时，任务可能会失败，报out of memory错误。这个时候可以采用以下几个过程调优

简单粗暴： 加大内存

哪个阶段报错就增加那个阶段的内存。以reduce阶段为例，map阶段的类似

mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb=5120   //设置reduce container的内存大小
mapreduce.reduce.java.opts=-Xms2000m -Xmx4600m; //设置reduce任务的JVM参数

案例一：copy阶段占用内存过大

有时候将内存设置大不管用，案例如下：

Error: org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.Shuffle$ShuffleError: error in shuffle in fetcher#1 
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.Shuffle.run(Shuffle.java:134) at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ReduceTask.run(ReduceTask.java:378)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild$2.run(YarnChild.java:163) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) 
 at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396) at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1854) 
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.YarnChild.main(YarnChild.java:158) Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space at org.apache.hadoop.io.BoundedByteArrayOutputStream.<init>(BoundedByteArrayOutputStream.java:56)
 at org.apache.hadoop.io.BoundedByteArrayOutputStream.<init>(BoundedByteArrayOutputStream.java:46) 
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.InMemoryMapOutput.<init>(InMemoryMapOutput.java:63) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.MergeManagerImpl.unconditionalReserve(MergeManagerImpl.java:304)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.MergeManagerImpl.reserve(MergeManagerImpl.java:294) 
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.Fetcher.copyMapOutput(Fetcher.java:514) at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.Fetcher.copyFromHost(Fetcher.java:336)
 at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.Fetcher.run(Fetcher.java:193)

原因 这是reduce从map取数据阶段报的错，reduce从map取数阶段使用的buffer可以占到reduce任务最大堆的70%的内存。报错之前copy还在运行，而reduce阶段其他过程占用了超过30%的内存，这个时候copy阶段继续取数，扩展buffer的时候，申请不到内存就报错了

解决方案 设置copy阶段buffer占用的内存大小，将mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.input.buffer.percent设置成0.5甚至更小
参数在wiki上的解释 The percentage of memory to be allocated from the maximum heap size to storing map outputs during the shuffle.

参考

MapReduce任务Shuffle Error错误