Spring autowired 属性注入候选 Bean 数量大于一个时选择注入 Bean 的优先级

结论

0. 标记有 @Qualifier 的 autowired 属性会在 DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency -> resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter) -> … -> QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver#checkQualifiers 过滤掉与 Qualifier.value() 不匹配的 bean

// @see org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates

for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
    // isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor) 内部实现可以根据 descriptor#getAnnotations 列表判断   	   
    // 需不需要排除不满足 Qualifier 的 bean
    if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor)) {
        addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
    }
}

// ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver extends QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver
// @see org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver#checkQualifiers

1. 优先匹配标记有 @Primary 的 Bean
2. 优先匹配标记有 @javax.annotation.Priority 的 Bean
3. 优先匹配与 autowired 字段或方法参数名称相同的 Bean

// @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor#getDependencyName

/**
 * Determine the name of the wrapped parameter/field.
 * @return the declared name (never {@code null})
 */
@Nullable
public String getDependencyName() {
    return (this.field != null ? this.field.getName() : obtainMethodParameter().getParameterName());
}

4. 如果1、2、3无法确定确定唯一的匹配的 Bean 名称，返回 null
5. 4 返回 null 时，autowired 对象属性 required = true 且 autowired 属性不是一个多值类型（如 Collection、数组、Map）、抛出 NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException 异常

// @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor#resolveNotUnique

@Nullable
public Object resolveNotUnique(ResolvableType type, Map<String, Object> matchingBeans) throws BeansException {
    throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(type, matchingBeans.keySet());
}

解析源码参见

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter)

Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
    if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
        raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
    }
    return null;
}

String autowiredBeanName;
Object instanceCandidate;
// 匹配 Bean 数量大于一个
if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
    autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
    if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
        if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
            return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);
        }
        else {
            // In case of an optional Collection/Map, silently ignore a non-unique case:
            // possibly it was meant to be an empty collection of multiple regular beans
            // (before 4.3 in particular when we didn't even look for collection beans).
            return null;
        }
    }
    instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
}

protected String determineAutowireCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
		Class<?> requiredType = descriptor.getDependencyType();
    String primaryCandidate = determinePrimaryCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
    if (primaryCandidate != null) {
        return primaryCandidate;
    }
    String priorityCandidate = determineHighestPriorityCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
    if (priorityCandidate != null) {
        return priorityCandidate;
    }
    // Fallback
    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
        String candidateName = entry.getKey();
        Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
        if ((beanInstance != null && this.resolvableDependencies.containsValue(beanInstance)) ||
            matchesBeanName(candidateName, descriptor.getDependencyName())) {
            return candidateName;
        }
    }
    return null;
}