数据结构学习 1.8

1、代码（括号匹配）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define STACK_MAX_SIZE 10

/**
 * Linear stack of integers. The key is data.
 */
typedef struct CharStack {
    int top;
    int data[STACK_MAX_SIZE]; //The maximum length is fixed.
} *CharStackPtr;

/**
 * Output the stack.
 */
void outputStack(CharStackPtr paraStack) {
    for (int i = 0; i <= paraStack->top; i ++) {
        printf("%c ", paraStack->data[i]);
    }// Of for i
    printf("\r\n");
}// Of outputStack
/**
 * Initialize an empty char stack. No error checking for this function.
 * @param paraStackPtr The pointer to the stack. It must be a pointer to change the stack.
 * @param paraValues An int array storing all elements.
 */
CharStackPtr charStackInit() {
	CharStackPtr resultPtr = (CharStackPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct CharStack));
	resultPtr->top = -1;
	return resultPtr;
}//Of charStackInit

/**
 * Push an element to the stack.
 * @param paraValue The value to be pushed.
 */
void push(CharStackPtr paraStackPtr, int paraValue) {
    // Step 1. Space check.
    if (paraStackPtr->top >= STACK_MAX_SIZE - 1) {
        printf("Cannot push element: stack full.\r\n");
        return;
    }//Of if
    // Step 2. Update the top.
	paraStackPtr->top ++;
	// Step 3. Push element.
    paraStackPtr->data[paraStackPtr->top] = paraValue;
}// Of push
/**
 * Pop an element from the stack.
 * @return The popped value.
 */
char pop(CharStackPtr paraStackPtr) {
    // Step 1. Space check.
    if (paraStackPtr->top < 0) {
        printf("Cannot pop element: stack empty.\r\n");
        return '\0';
    }//Of if

    // Step 2. Update the top.
	paraStackPtr->top --;

	// Step 3. Push element.
    return paraStackPtr->data[paraStackPtr->top + 1];
}// Of pop
/**
 * Test the push function.
 */
void pushPopTest() {
    printf("---- pushPopTest begins. ----\r\n");
    char ch;
	// Initialize.
    CharStackPtr tempStack = charStackInit();
    printf("After initialization, the stack is: ");
	outputStack(tempStack);
	// Pop.
	for (ch = 'a'; ch < 'm'; ch ++) {
		printf("Pushing %c.\r\n", ch);
		push(tempStack, ch);
		outputStack(tempStack);
	}//Of for i
	// Pop.
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) {
		ch = pop(tempStack);
		printf("Pop %c.\r\n", ch);
		outputStack(tempStack);
	}//Of for i

    printf("---- pushPopTest ends. ----\r\n");
}// Of pushPopTest

/**
 * Is the bracket matching?
 * 
 * @param paraString The given expression.
 * @return Match or not.
 */
bool bracketMatching(char* paraString, int paraLength) {
	// Step 1. Initialize the stack through pushing a '#' at the bottom.
    CharStackPtr tempStack = charStackInit();
	push(tempStack, '#');
	char tempChar, tempPopedChar;

	// Step 2. Process the string.
	for (int i = 0; i < paraLength; i++) {
		tempChar = paraString[i];
		switch (tempChar) {
		case '(':
		case '[':
		case '{':
			push(tempStack, tempChar);
			break;
		case ')':
			tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
			if (tempPopedChar != '(') {
				return false;
			} // Of if
			break;
		case ']':
			tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
			if (tempPopedChar != '[') {
				return false;
			} // Of if
			break;
		case '}':
			tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
			if (tempPopedChar != '{') {
				return false;
			} // Of if
			break;
		default:
			// Do nothing.
			break;
		}// Of switch
	} // Of for i
	tempPopedChar = pop(tempStack);
	if (tempPopedChar != '#') {
		return true;
	} // Of if
	return true;
}// Of bracketMatching
/**
 * Unit test.
 */
void bracketMatchingTest() {
	char* tempExpression = "[2 + (1 - 3)] * 4";
	bool tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 17);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);
	tempExpression = "( )  )";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 6);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);
	tempExpression = "()()(())";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 8);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);
	tempExpression = "({}[])";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 6);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);
	tempExpression = ")(";
	tempMatch = bracketMatching(tempExpression, 2);
	printf("Is the expression '%s' bracket matching? %d \r\n", tempExpression, tempMatch);
}// Of bracketMatchingTest
/**
 The entrance.
 */
int main() {
	// pushPopTest();
	bracketMatchingTest();
}// Of main

2、运行结果

3、小谈

       对几点比较感兴趣：
       算法优化：在实现括号匹配算法时，我们可以通过优化算法来提高程序的效率。例如，可以在判断括号匹配时，一旦发现右括号与栈顶元素匹配，则可以直接将栈顶元素出栈，减少了不必要的比较。
       代码规范性：在实现括号匹配算法时，需要注意代码规范性和可读性。例如，可以通过添加注释和规范变量名来增加代码的可读性。
通过学习和实践括号匹配问题，我更深刻地认识了栈的数据结构及其应用，也提高了自己的编程能力和代码规范性。