用Tensorflow API:tf.keras搭建网络八股
六步法
import
train, test
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential
model.compile
model.fit
model.summar
1.导入数据和包
import
2.划分训练集和测试集
3.网络建立
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential ([ 网络结构 ]) #描述各层网络
网络结构举例
拉直层: tf.keras.layers.Flatten( )
全连接层: tf.keras.layers.Dense(神经元个数, activation= "激活函数“ ,
kernel_regularizer=哪种正则化)
activation(字符串给出)可选: relu、 softmax、 sigmoid 、 tanh
kernel_regularizer可选: tf.keras.regularizers.l1()、tf.keras.regularizers.l2()
卷积层: tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(filters = 卷积核个数, kernel_size = 卷积核尺 寸, strides = 卷积步长, padding = " valid" or "same")
LSTM层: tf.keras.layers.LSTM()
4.配置优化器
model.compile(optimizer = 优化器,
loss = 损失函数
metrics = [“准确率”] )
Optimizer可选:
‘sgd’ or tf.keras.optimizers.SGD (lr=学习率,momentum=动量参数)
‘adagrad’ or tf.keras.optimizers.Adagrad (lr=学习率)
‘adadelta’ or tf.keras.optimizers.Adadelta (lr=学习率)
‘adam’ or tf.keras.optimizers.Adam (lr=学习率, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.999)
loss可选:
‘mse’ or tf.keras.losses.MeanSquaredError()
‘sparse_categorical_crossentropy’ or tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False)
Metrics可选:
‘accuracy’ :y_和y都是数值,如y_=[1] y=[1]
‘categorical_accuracy’ :y_和y都是独热码(概率分布),如y_=[0,1,0] y= [0.256,0.695,0.048]
‘sparse_categorical_accuracy’ :y_是数值,y是独热码(概率分布),如y_=[1] y= [0.256,0.695,0.048]
5.训练数据集
model.fit (训练集的输入特征, 训练集的标签,
batch_size= , epochs= ,
validation_data=(测试集的输入特征,测试集的标签),
validation_split=从训练集划分多少比例给测试集,
validation_freq = 多少次epoch测试一次)
6.打印网络结构
model.summary()
实战
# 导入需要的数据包
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import Sequential,layers
import numpy as np
from sklearn import datasets
# 建立数据集
x_train=datasets.load_iris().data
y_train=datasets.load_iris().target
##随机打乱数据
np.random.seed(116)
np.random.shuffle(x_train)
np.random.seed(116)
np.random.shuffle(y_train)
tf.random.set_seed(116)
# 建立网络
model=tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(3,activation='softmax',kernel_regularizer=tf.keras.regularizers.l2())
])
# 模型优化器配置
model.compile(optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(lr=0.1),
loss=tf.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])
# 模型训练
model.fit(x_train,y_train,batch_size=32,epochs=500,validation_split=0.2,validation_freq=20)
# 模型打印
model.summary()