1. 查看Linux系统信息
arch
uname - m
uname - r
dmidecode - q
hdparm - i / dev/ hda
hdparm - tT / dev/ sda
cat / proc/ cpuinfo
cat / proc/ interrupts
cat / proc/ meminfo
cat / proc/ swaps
cat / proc/ version
cat / proc/ net/ dev
cat / proc/ mounts
lspci - tv
lsusb - tv
2. date显示系统日期
cal 2007
date 041217002007. 00
clock - w
3. 关机(关机、重启、登出)
shutdown - h now
init 0
telinit 0
shutdown - h hours:minutes &
shutdown - c
shutdown - r now
reboot
logout
4. 文件和目录
cd / home
cd . .
cd . . / . .
cd
cd ~user1
cd -
pwd
ls
ls - F
ls - l
ls - a
ls * [ 0- 9] *
tree
lstree
mkdir dir1
mkdir dir1 dir2
mkdir - p / tmp/ dir1/ dir2
rm - f file1
rmdir dir1
rm - rf dir1
rm - rf dir1 dir2
mv dir1 new_dir
cp file1 file2
cp dir /* .
cp - a / tmp/ dir1 .
cp - a dir1 dir2
ln - s file1 lnk1
ln file1 lnk1
touch - t 0712250000 file1
file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text
iconv - l
iconv - f fromEncoding - t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding.
find . - maxdepth 1 - name * . jpg - print - exec convert "{}" - resize 80x60 "thumbs/{}" \; batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory ( requires convert from Imagemagick)
5. 文件搜索
find / - name file1
find / - user user1
find / home/ user1 - name \* . bin
find / usr/ bin - type f - atime + 100
find / usr/ bin - type f - mtime - 10
find / - name \* . rpm - exec chmod 755 '{}' \;
find / - xdev - name \* . rpm
locate \* . ps
whereis halt
which halt
6. 挂载文件系统
mount / dev/ hda2 / mnt/ hda2
umount / dev/ hda2
fuser - km / mnt/ hda2
umount - n / mnt/ hda2
mount / dev/ fd0 / mnt/ floppy
mount / dev/ cdrom / mnt/ cdrom
mount / dev/ hdc / mnt/ cdrecorder
mount / dev/ hdb / mnt/ cdrecorder
mount - o loop file. iso / mnt/ cdrom
mount - t vfat / dev/ hda5 / mnt/ hda5
mount / dev/ sda1 / mnt/ usbdisk
mount - t smbfs - o username=user, password=pass / / WinClient/ share / mnt/ share
7. 磁盘空间相关
df - h
ls - lSr | more
du - sh dir1
du - sk * | sort - rn
rpm - q - a -- qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort - k1, 1n
dpkg- query - W - f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort - k1, 1n
8. 用户和群组
groupadd group_name
groupdel group_name
groupmod - n new_group_name old_group_name
useradd - c "Name Surname " - g admin - d / home/ user1 - s / bin/ bash user1
useradd user1
userdel - r user1
usermod - c "User FTP" - g system - d / ftp/ user1 - s / bin/ nologin user1
passwd
passwd user1
chage - E 2005- 12- 31 user1
pwck
grpck
newgrp group_name
9. 文件权限
使用 "+" 设置权限,使用 "-" 用于取消
ls - lh
ls / tmp | pr - T5 - W$COLUMNS
chmod ugo+ rwx directory1
chmod go- rwx directory1
chown user1 file1
chown - R user1 directory1
chgrp group1 file1
chown user1:group1 file1
find / - perm - u+ s
chmod u+ s / bin/ file1
chmod u- s / bin/ file1
chmod g+ s / home/ public
chmod g- s / home/ public
chmod o+ t / home/ public
chmod o- t / home/ public
10. 文件的特殊属性
- 使用 "+" 设置权限,使用 "-" 用于取消
chattr + a file1
chattr + c file1
chattr + d file1
chattr + i file1
chattr + s file1
chattr + S file1
chattr + u file1
lsattr
11. 打包和压缩文件
bunzip2 file1. bz2
bzip2 file1
gunzip file1. gz
gzip file1
gzip - 9 file1
rar a file1. rar test_file
rar a file1. rar file1 file2 dir1
rar x file1. rar
unrar x file1. rar
tar - cvf archive. tar file1
tar - cvf archive. tar file1 file2 dir1
tar - tf archive. tar
tar - xvf archive. tar
tar - xvf archive. tar - C / tmp
tar - cvfj archive. tar. bz2 dir1
tar - jxvf archive. tar. bz2
tar - cvfz archive. tar. gz dir1
tar - zxvf archive. tar. gz
zip file1. zip file1
zip - r file1. zip file1 file2 dir1
unzip file1. zip
12. RPM包(Fedora, Redhat及类似系统)
rpm - ivh package. rpm
rpm - ivh -- nodeeps package. rpm
rpm - U package. rpm
rpm - F package. rpm
rpm - e package_name. rpm
rpm - qa
rpm - qa | grep httpd
rpm - qi package_name
rpm - qg "System Environment/Daemons"
rpm - ql package_name
rpm - qc package_name
rpm - q package_name -- whatrequires
rpm - q package_name -- whatprovides
rpm - q package_name -- scripts
rpm - q package_name -- changelog
rpm - qf / etc/ httpd/ conf/ httpd. conf
rpm - qp package. rpm - l
rpm -- import / media/ cdrom/ RPM- GPG- KEY
rpm -- checksig package. rpm
rpm - qa gpg- pubkey
rpm - V package_name
rpm - Va
rpm - Vp package. rpm
rpm2cpio package. rpm | cpio -- extract -- make- directories * bin*
rpm - ivh / usr/ src/ redhat/ RPMS/ `arch`/ package. rpm
rpmbuild -- rebuild package_name. src. rpm
13. YUM(Fedora, RedHat及类似系统)
yum install package_name
yum localinstall package_name. rpm
yum update package_name. rpm
yum update package_name
yum remove package_name
yum list
yum search package_name
yum clean packages
yum clean headers
yum clean all
14. DEB包 (Debian, Ubuntu及类似系统)
dpkg - i package. deb
dpkg - r package_name
dpkg - l
dpkg - l | grep httpd
dpkg - s package_name
dpkg - L package_name
dpkg -- contents package. deb
dpkg - S / bin/ ping
15. APT软件工具 (Debian, Ubuntu及类似系统)
apt- get install package_name
apt- cdrom install package_name
apt- get update
apt- get upgrade
apt- get remove package_name
apt- get check
apt- get clean
apt- cache search searched- package
16. 查看文件内容
cat file1
tac file1
more file1
less file1
head - 2 file1
tail - 2 file1
tail - f / var / log/ messages
17. 文本处理
cat file1 file2 . . . | command <> file1_in. txt_or_file1_out. txt general syntax for text manipulation using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc. . . ) > result. txt
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc. . . ) >> result. txt
grep Aug / var / log/ messages
grep ^Aug / var / log/ messages
grep [ 0- 9] / var / log/ messages
grep Aug - R / var / log/*
sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' example. txt
sed '/^$/d' example. txt
sed '/ *#/d; /^$/d' example. txt
echo 'esempio' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
sed - e '1d' result. txt
sed - n '/stringa1/p'
sed - e 's/ *$//' example. txt
sed - e 's/stringa1//g' example. txt
sed - n '1,5p;5q' example. txt
sed - n '5p;5q' example. txt
sed - e 's/00*/0/g' example. txt
cat - n file1
cat example. txt | awk 'NR%2==1'
echo a b c | awk '{print $1}'
echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}'
paste file1 file2
paste - d '+' file1 file2
sort file1 file2
sort file1 file2 | uniq
sort file1 file2 | uniq - u
sort file1 file2 | uniq - d
comm - 1 file1 file2
comm - 2 file1 file2
comm - 3 file1 file2
18. 字符设置和文件格式转换
dos2unix filedos. txt fileunix. txt
unix2dos fileunix. txt filedos. txt
recode . . HTML < page. txt > page. html
recode - l | more
19. 文件系统分析
badblocks - v / dev/ hda1
fsck / dev/ hda1
fsck. ext2 / dev/ hda1
e2fsck / dev/ hda1
e2fsck - j / dev/ hda1
fsck. ext3 / dev/ hda1
fsck. vfat / dev/ hda1
fsck. msdos / dev/ hda1
dosfsck / dev/ hda1
20. 初始化一个文件系统
mkfs / dev/ hda1
mke2fs / dev/ hda1
mke2fs - j / dev/ hda1
mkfs - t vfat 32 - F / dev/ hda1
fdformat - n / dev/ fd0
mkswap / dev/ hda3
21. SWAP文件系统
mkswap / dev/ hda3
swapon / dev/ hda3
swapon / dev/ hda2 / dev/ hdb3
22. 备份
dump - 0aj - f / tmp/ home0. bak / home
dump - 1aj - f / tmp/ home0. bak / home
restore - if / tmp/ home0. bak
rsync - rogpav -- delete / home / tmp
rsync - rogpav - e ssh -- delete / home ip_address:/ tmp
rsync - az - e ssh -- delete ip_addr:/ home/ public / home/ local
rsync - az - e ssh -- delete / home/ local ip_addr:/ home/ public
dd bs=1M if =/ dev/ hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz'
dd if =/ dev/ sda of=/ tmp/ file1
tar - Puf backup. tar / home/ user 执行一次对 '/home/user'
( cd / tmp/ local/ && tar c . ) | ssh - C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p'
( tar c / home ) | ssh - C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p'
tar cf - . | ( cd / tmp/ backup ; tar xf - )
find / home/ user1 - name '*.txt' | xargs cp - av -- target- directory=/ home/ backup/ -- parents
find / var / log - name '*.log' | tar cv -- files- from =- | bzip2 > log. tar. bz2
dd if =/ dev/ hda of=/ dev/ fd0 bs=512 count=1
dd if =/ dev/ fd0 of=/ dev/ hda bs=512 count=1
23. 光盘
cdrecord - v gracetime=2 dev=/ dev/ cdrom - eject blank=fast - force
mkisofs / dev/ cdrom > cd. iso
mkisofs / dev/ cdrom | gzip > cd_iso. gz
mkisofs - J - allow- leading- dots - R - V "Label CD" - iso- level 4 - o . / cd. iso data_cd
cdrecord - v dev=/ dev/ cdrom cd. iso
gzip - dc cd_iso. gz | cdrecord dev=/ dev/ cdrom -
mount - o loop cd. iso / mnt/ iso
cd- paranoia - B
cd- paranoia -- "-3"
cdrecord -- scanbus
dd if =/ dev/ hdc | md5sum
24. 网络 - (以太网和wifi无线)
ifconfig eth0
ifup eth0
ifdown eth0
ifconfig eth0 192. 168. 1. 1 netmask 255. 255. 255. 0
ifconfig eth0 promisc
dhclient eth0
route - n
route add - net 0/ 0 gw IP_Gateway
route add - net 192. 168. 0. 0 netmask 255. 255. 0. 0 gw 192. 168. 1. 1
route del 0/ 0 gw IP_gateway
hostname
host www. example. com
nslookup www. example. com
ip link show
mii- tool
ethtool
netstat - tupl
tcpdump tcp port 80