十二、偏向锁、轻量级锁、重量级锁，锁的膨胀过程

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已于 2022-08-19 17:33:19 修改

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分类专栏：多线程文章标签：多线程

于 2021-01-11 20:01:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/XZQ_STUD/article/details/112487083

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1、对象的状态有几种：

无锁、偏向锁、轻量级锁、重量级锁、GC标记，共5个状态
在这里插入图片描述

2、锁的膨胀过程

无锁：程序多线程执行过程中没有去执行synchronized修饰区域或者方法。
偏向锁：发生在程序单线程执行过程中，由始至终只有一个线程去执行过synchronized修饰区域或者方法，由于是由始至终只有一个线程去执行所以没有发生竞争、等待、抢锁的情况，它不会调用操作系统的函数去实现同步。
轻量级锁：发生在程序多线程执行过程中有去执行synchronized修饰区域或者方法，且没有发生竞争、等待、抢锁的情况或者发生了竞争、等待、抢锁但是竞争、等待和抢锁的时间没有超过一个JVM设定的自旋时间或者次数的时候，它是在虚拟机内部去实现的同步，不会调用操作系统的函数去实现同步。
重量级锁：发生在程序多线程执行过程中有去执行synchronized修饰区域或者方法，且发生了竞争、等待、抢锁且竞争、等待和抢锁的时间已经超过一个JVM设定的自旋时间或者次数的时候，它会调用操作系统的函数去实现同步（调用操作系统实现同步，需要的步骤很多，导致性能相对于其它锁实现同步的方式就很低）。

3、锁的标识码

无锁 001
偏向锁 101
轻量级锁 000
重量级锁 010

示例如下：在这里插入图片描述

通过 -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 可以设置延迟开启偏向锁的时间

4、几种锁的效率对比

无锁：耗时61毫秒
偏向锁：耗时2051毫秒
轻量级锁：耗时18302毫秒
重量级锁：耗时43470毫秒

下面是无锁、偏向锁、轻量级锁耗时测试代码

package day07.part1;

/**
 * synchronized关键字的底层原理
 *
 * 偏向锁和轻量级锁对比
 * -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 立即开启偏向锁
 * -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=30000 30秒后再开启偏向锁 那30秒以前开启的是轻量级锁
 *
 * 无锁：不设置偏向锁，不加synchronized关键字             用时是：61毫秒
 * 偏向锁：设置偏向锁，加synchronized关键字 即使没有线程
 *        安全问题需要同步，那么加上了synchronized也就
 *        有了同步的嫌疑，所以jvm还是给它加了一把偏向锁      用时是：2051毫秒
 *
 * 轻量级锁：不设置偏向锁，加synchronized关键字           用时是：18302毫秒
 * 轻量级锁：设置偏向锁30秒后开启，加synchronized关键字    用时是：17702毫秒
 *
 *
 * @author xzq
 */
public class SynchronizedBottomTest07 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Test test=new Test();

        long beforeTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //执行10亿次
        for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++){
            test.testIncreament();
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("用时是："+(endTime-beforeTime)+"毫秒");
    }

    static  class  Test{

        private int l=0;

        public synchronized void testIncreament(){
            l++;
        }
    }
}

重量级锁耗时示例
例子中2个线程竞争直接上来就加了重量级锁。

package day07.part1;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**
 * synchronized关键字的底层原理
 *
 * 轻量级锁和重量级锁对比
 *
 * 用时是：45035毫秒
 * -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0
 * 配置-XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 后 耗时依然有 用时是：44878毫秒
 * 说明2个线程竞争 直接上来就加了重量级锁 而不会上偏向锁
 * @author xzq
 */
public class SynchronizedBottomTest08 {

    private static CountDownLatch cdLatch=new CountDownLatch(1000000000);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        final Test test=new Test();

        long beforeTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        //创建两个线程去执行，这样就产生了竞争就是重量级锁
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            new Thread(){

                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //执行10亿次
                    while(cdLatch.getCount()>0){
                        test.testIncreament();
                    }
                }

            }.start();
        }
        cdLatch.await();
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("用时是："+(endTime-beforeTime)+"毫秒");

    }

    static  class  Test{

        private int l=0;

        public synchronized void testIncreament(){
            l++;
            cdLatch.countDown();
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

5、锁的膨胀过程

代码示例

package day07.part1;

import org.openjdk.jol.info.ClassLayout;

/**
 * synchronized关键字的底层原理
 *
 * 演示整个锁的膨胀过程和成为重量级锁后
 * 所有线程退出同步代码区域后，MarkWord是什么锁状态 这里测试结果为无锁状态
 * -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0
 * 无锁 001
 * 偏向锁  101
 * 轻量级锁 000
 * 重量级锁 010
 *
 * @author xzq
 */
public class SynchronizedBottomTest09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread mainThread = Thread.currentThread();
        mainThread.setName("主线程：");
        final Test testLock=new Test();
        System.out.println("--------------------------所有线程加锁前------------------------------------");
        System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(testLock).toPrintable());//无锁
        Thread t=new Thread("子线程："){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                synchronized (testLock) {
                    System.out.println(threadName+"---------------------------------加锁后----------------------------");
                    System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(testLock).toPrintable());//轻量级锁
                    //休眠3秒
                    try {Thread.sleep(3_000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
                }
                System.out.println(threadName+"---------------------------------释放了锁！----------------------------");
            }
        };
        t.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        //让主线程和子线程产生竞争、抢锁
        synchronized (testLock) {
            System.out.println("------------------------------主线程和子线程发生竞争抢锁-------------------------------");
            System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(testLock).toPrintable());//重量级锁
        }
        Thread.sleep(5_000);
        System.out.println("---------------------------------主线程和子线程都释放了锁！----------------------------");
        System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(testLock).toPrintable());//重量级锁
    }
    static class Test{
    }
}

测试结果如下：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=55003:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_231.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/xuzhiqiang/ideaProjects/SpringBoot/synchronize/target/classes:/Users/xuzhiqiang/.m2/repository/org/openjdk/jol/jol-core/0.9/jol-core-0.9.jar day07.part1.SynchronizedBottomTest09
--------------------------所有线程加锁前------------------------------------
# WARNING: Unable to attach Serviceability Agent. You can try again with escalated privileges. Two options: a) use -Djol.tryWithSudo=true to try with sudo; b) echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
day07.part1.SynchronizedBottomTest09$Test object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           01 00 00 00 (00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000) (1)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0)
      8     4        (object header)                           a0 c1 00 f8 (10100000 11000001 00000000 11111000) (-134168160)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

子线程：---------------------------------加锁后----------------------------
day07.part1.SynchronizedBottomTest09$Test object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           a8 19 ea 03 (10101000 00011001 11101010 00000011) (65673640)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 70 00 00 (00000000 01110000 00000000 00000000) (28672)
      8     4        (object header)                           a0 c1 00 f8 (10100000 11000001 00000000 11111000) (-134168160)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

------------------------------主线程和子线程发生竞争抢锁-------------------------------
子线程：---------------------------------释放了锁！----------------------------
day07.part1.SynchronizedBottomTest09$Test object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           4a 7f 80 ed (01001010 01111111 10000000 11101101) (-310345910)
      4     4        (object header)                           9e 7f 00 00 (10011110 01111111 00000000 00000000) (32670)
      8     4        (object header)                           a0 c1 00 f8 (10100000 11000001 00000000 11111000) (-134168160)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

---------------------------------主线程和子线程都释放了锁！----------------------------
day07.part1.SynchronizedBottomTest09$Test object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           01 00 00 00 (00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000) (1)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0)
      8     4        (object header)                           a0 c1 00 f8 (10100000 11000001 00000000 11111000) (-134168160)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total


Process finished with exit code 0

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十二、偏向锁、轻量级锁、重量级锁，锁的膨胀过程

1、对象的状态有几种：无锁、偏向锁、轻量级锁、重量级锁、GC标记，共5个状态2、锁的膨胀过程无锁：程序多线程执行过程中没有去执行synchronized修饰区域或者方法。偏向锁：发生在程序单线程执行过程中，由始至终只有一个线程去执行过synchronized修饰区域或者方法，由于是由始至终只有一个线程去执行所以没有发生竞争、等待、抢锁的情况，它不会调用操作系统的函数去实现同步。轻量级锁：发生在程序多线程执行过程中有去执行synchronized修饰区域或者方法，且没有发生竞争、等待、抢锁的情况或
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