leetcode-面51 数组中的逆序对 Python

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shu-zu-zhong-de-ni-xu-dui-lcof/solution/shu-zu-zhong-de-ni-xu-dui-by-leetcode-solution/

方法一：归并排序

class Solution:
    def mergeSort(self, nums, tmp, l, r):
        if l >= r:
            return 0
        
        mid = (l + r) // 2
        inv_count = self.mergeSort(nums, tmp, l, mid) + self.mergeSort(nums, tmp, mid + 1, r)
        i, j, pos = l, mid + 1, l
        while i <= mid and j <= r:
            if nums[i] <= nums[j]:
                tmp[pos] = nums[i]
                i += 1
                inv_count += (j - (mid + 1))
            else:
                tmp[pos] = nums[j]
                j += 1
            pos += 1
        for k in range(i, mid + 1):
            tmp[pos] = nums[k]
            inv_count += (j - (mid + 1))
            pos += 1
        for k in range(j, r + 1):
            tmp[pos] = nums[k]
            pos += 1
        nums[l:r+1] = tmp[l:r+1]
        return inv_count 

        
    def reversePairs(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        n = len(nums)
        tmp = [0] * n
        return self.mergeSort(nums, tmp, 0, n-1)

方法二：离散化树状数组

class BIT:
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.n = n
        self.tree = [0] * (n + 1)

    @staticmethod
    def lowbit(x):
        return x & (-x)
    
    def query(self, x):
        ret = 0
        while x > 0:
            ret += self.tree[x]
            x -= BIT.lowbit(x)
        return ret

    def update(self, x):
        while x <= self.n:
            self.tree[x] += 1
            x += BIT.lowbit(x)

class Solution:
    def reversePairs(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        n = len(nums)
        # 离散化
        tmp = sorted(nums)
        for i in range(n):
            nums[i] = bisect.bisect_left(tmp, nums[i]) + 1
        # 树状数组统计逆序对
        bit = BIT(n)
        ans = 0
        for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
            ans += bit.query(nums[i] - 1)
            bit.update(nums[i])
        return ans