处理三级缓存 应用

这里说的三级缓存，分别指的是：内存缓存、文件缓存和网络这三个层面。

一般来说，我们首次加载图片，内存和文件是没有缓存的，这样我们需要从网络加载，加载完成后，我们会存到内存和文件中去；当再次加载图片的时候，我们会先查找内存有没有，如果有就直接显示内存中的图片，如果没有，我们会接着查找文件中是否有，如果文件中有，我们会显示文件中的图片，并且把它存到内存中去，这样下次我们在内存中就能找到它了。

我们之所以要做缓存，主要是为了提高效率，节省流量。但是为什么要做三级呢？为什么不只存在内存或者只存在文件中呢？这是因为内存的读取速度快，但是容易被回收，容量小，文件的读取速度次之，不过容量大，不到不得已不会被回收。

//权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>

/**
 * author:Created by WangZhiQiang on 2017-09-04.
 * 处理三级缓存
 * 内存缓存(LruCache-->最近最少使用算法,当缓存慢的时候,自动把最近使用最少的删除,腾出来的空间添加新的缓存内容)
 * sd卡缓存
 * 网络
 */
//工具类
public class ImagesUtils {
    Handler handler;
    private final File cacheDir;
    private final ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool;
    private final LruCache<String, Bitmap> lruCache;
   //有参构造
    public ImagesUtils (Context context, Handler handler){
        this.handler = handler;
        //获得你手机上的最大内存
        long maxMemory  = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();
        int maxSize = (int) (maxMemory / 8);
        //得到本app在sd上的缓存文件夹
        cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();
        // 初始化线程池;初始化5个现成,供程序使用
        newFixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        lruCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(maxSize) {
            //每次缓存图片都要调用这个方法;
            @Override
            protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {
                return value.getRowBytes()*value.getHeight();
            }
        };
    }
    /**
     * 取图片,
     *
     * @param path
     * @return
     */
    public Bitmap getBitMap(String path){
        //获取内存中的图片
        Bitmap bitmap = lruCache.get(path);
        if(bitmap!=null){
            System.out.println("我走了内存");
            return bitmap;
        }
        //从本地去取，sd卡去取bitmap
        bitmap = getBitMapFromLocal(path);
        if(bitmap!=null){
            System.out.println("我走了本地缓存");
            return bitmap;
        }
        // 从网络去取
        getBitmapFromNet(path);

        return null;
    }
    /**
     * 从网络
     *
     * @param path
     */
    private void getBitmapFromNet(final String path) {
       //用线程池里的线程执行请求网络操作;
        newFixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    URL url=new URL(path);
                    HttpURLConnection connection  = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);
                    int code = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if(code==200){
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
                        Message msg = new Message();
                        msg.what = 111;
                        msg.obj = bitmap;
                        Bundle data = new Bundle();
                        data.putString("tag", path);
                        msg.setData(data);
                        handler.sendMessage(msg);
                        //缓存到本地
                        saveBitmapToLocal(bitmap, path);
                        //缓存到内存
                        lruCache.put(path, bitmap);
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        });
    }
    protected void saveBitmapToLocal(Bitmap bitmap, String path) {
        try {
            String encode = EncoderUtils.encode(path);
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(cacheDir + "/" + encode);
            //图片二次裁剪
            bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 80, fileOutputStream);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
    private Bitmap getBitMapFromLocal(String path) {
        try {
            String encode = EncoderUtils.encode(path);
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(cacheDir
                    + "/" + encode);
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fileInputStream);
            //存到内存
            lruCache.put(path, bitmap);
            return bitmap;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}
/**
 * author:Created by WangZhiQiang on 2017-09-04.
 * 工具类,把对url进行md5加密,加密后以字符串的形式返回;
 * 缓存的时候用key(url加密后的字符串)对应value(bitmap)
 */

public class EncoderUtils {
    /**
     * Md5Encoder
     *
     * @param string
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encode(String string) throws Exception {
        byte[] hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(
                string.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(hash.length * 2);
        for (byte b : hash) {
            if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) {
                hex.append("0");
            }
            hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
        }
        return hex.toString();
    }


}
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private GridView gv;
    String[] imageUrls = new String[] {
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uplds/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383299_1976.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383291_6518.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383291_8239.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383290_9329.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383290_1042.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383275_3977.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383265_8550.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_3954.jpg",
            "https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201407/26/1406383264_4787.jpg",
    };

    Handler handler=new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
        }
    };
    private ImagesUtils imagesutils;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        imagesutils = new ImagesUtils(this,handler);
        gv = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gv);
        gv.setAdapter(new myadaper());
    }
    class  myadaper extends BaseAdapter{

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return imageUrls.length;
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int i) {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int i) {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
            ImageView iv = new ImageView(MainActivity.this);
            iv.setTag(imageUrls[i]);
            //取图片
            Bitmap bitmap  = imagesutils.getBitMap(imageUrls[i]);
            // 从内存中或者缓存中
            if(bitmap !=null){
                iv.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            }
            // 获取图片
            return iv;
        }
    }
}