查看文件内容/、配置yum源/安装web服务：nginx/本地文件上传至服务器/上传前端项目至服务器

于 2024-04-11 17:40:36 发布
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文章标签： 服务器 linux 网络
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Xiaoshuai_1/article/details/137647010
版权

cat---查看一个文件的全部内容

1/仅查看文件内容，以绝对路径的方式

[root@bogon  ~]# cat /etc/passwd 
root0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games12games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ntp38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

以相对路径的方式

[root@bogon  ~]# cd /etc/ 
[root@bogon  etc]# cat passwd 
root0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games12games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ntp38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

查看文件内容，并显示行号： -n

[root@bogon  ~]# cat -n /etc/passwd 
1  root0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2  bin1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3  daemon2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4  adm3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5  lp4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6  sync5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7  shutdown6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8  halt7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9  mail8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10  operator11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11  games12games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12  ftp14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13  nobody99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14  systemd-network192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
15  dbus81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16  polkitd999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17  sshd74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
18  postfix89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
19  ntp38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

查看文件内容，并查看控制字符（换行符/制表符/空格）

[root@bogon  ~]# cat -A /etc/passwd 
root0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash$bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin$
daemon2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin$adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin$
lp4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin$sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync$
shutdown6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown$halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt$
mail8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin$operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin$
games12games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin$ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin$
nobody99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin$systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin$
dbus81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin$polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin$
sshd74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin$postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin$
ntp38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin$

head 头部

# 默认显示文件的前十行
[root@bogon ~]# head /var/log/messages
Mar 13 03:46:01 bogon systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Mar 13 04:01:01 bogon systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Mar 13 04:01:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 102 of user root.
Mar 13 04:01:01 bogon systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Mar 13 05:01:01 bogon systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Mar 13 05:01:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 103 of user root.
Mar 13 05:01:01 bogon systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Mar 13 06:01:01 bogon systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Mar 13 06:01:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 104 of user root.
Mar 13 06:01:01 bogon systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.


# /var/log/messages 显示该文件的前20行
[root@bogon ~]# head -n 20 /var/log/messages

tail 尾部

# # 默认显示文件的后十行
[root@bogon ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Mar 15 13:01:01 bogon systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Mar 15 13:01:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 162 of user root.
Mar 15 13:01:01 bogon systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Mar 15 13:03:45 bogon kernel: perf: interrupt took too long (3160 > 3131), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 63000
Mar 15 14:01:01 bogon systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Mar 15 14:01:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 163 of user root.
Mar 15 14:01:01 bogon systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Mar 15 14:04:24 bogon systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Mar 15 14:04:24 bogon systemd: Started Session 164 of user root.
Mar 15 14:04:24 bogon systemd-logind: New session 164 of user root.

# /var/log/messages 显示该文件的后20行
[root@bogon ~]# tail -n 20 /var/log/messages


# 动态查看文件的尾部
[root@bogon ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages

2、配置yum源

      rpm exe apk 
# 将系统自带的yum源进行备份
[root@bogon ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo          epel.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo  epel-testing.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo backup/

# 配置阿里云的yum源
# 网站：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/

# 下载基础yum源
[root@bogon ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

# 下载扩展yum源
[root@bogon ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

# 清理yum源缓存
[root@bogon ~]# yum clean all

# 重新加载新的yum源缓存
[root@bogon ~]# yum makecache

# 显示当前系统中所有的yum源仓库
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                                                    repo name                                                                                 status
base/7/x86_64                                              CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                      10,072
epel/x86_64                                                Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                                            13,786
extras/7/x86_64                                            CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                       519
updates/7/x86_64                                           CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                    5,766
repolist: 30,143

3、安装web服务：nginx

# 安装nginx
[root@bogon ~]# yum install -y nginx 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.20.1-10.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: redhat-indexhtml for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-7.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                   Arch                            Version                                     Repository                     Size
===========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                                     x86_64                          1:1.20.1-10.el7                             epel                          588 k
Installing for dependencies:
 centos-indexhtml                          noarch                          7-9.el7.centos                              base                           92 k
 gperftools-libs                           x86_64                          2.6.1-1.el7                                 base                          272 k
 nginx-filesystem                          noarch                          1:1.20.1-10.el7                             epel                           24 k
 openssl11-libs                            x86_64                          1:1.1.1k-7.el7                              epel                          1.5 M

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 6.7 M
Downloading packages:
(1/5): centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm                                                                                   |  92 kB  00:00:00     
(2/5): nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-10.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                    |  24 kB  00:00:00     
(3/5): gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                       | 272 kB  00:00:00     
(4/5): nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                               | 588 kB  00:00:01     
(5/5): openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                       | 1.5 MB  00:00:03     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                      655 kB/s | 2.4 MB  00:00:03     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 1:openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                    1/5 
  Installing : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-10.el7.noarch                                                                                                 2/5 
  Installing : centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch                                                                                                  3/5 
  Installing : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                      4/5 
  Installing : 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                            5/5 
  Verifying  : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                      1/5 
  Verifying  : centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch                                                                                                  2/5 
  Verifying  : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-10.el7.noarch                                                                                                 3/5 
  Verifying  : 1:nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                            4/5 
  Verifying  : 1:openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                    5/5 

Installed:
  nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-10.el7                                                                                                                             

Dependency Installed:
  centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos             gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7             nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-10.el7            
  openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-7.el7                

Complete!

# 启动nginx
[root@bogon ~]# nginx

# 验证nginx服务是否启动成功, 看到 LISTEN …… *:80,即可，或者是通过浏览器访问服务器ip地址
[root@bogon ~]# ss -tlnp
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                               *:80                                                            *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=19035,fd=6),("nginx",pid=19034,fd=6),("nginx",pid=19033,fd=6))
LISTEN      0      128                                            [::]:80                                                         [::]:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=19035,fd=7),("nginx",pid=19034,fd=7),("nginx",pid=19033,fd=7))

[root@bogon ~]# ps -ef  |grep nginx
root      19033      1  0 14:44 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     19034  19033  0 14:44 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     19035  19033  0 14:44 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

4、本地文件上传至服务器

[root@bogon ~]# yum install -y lrzsz
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch                               Version                                       Repository                        Size
===========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 lrzsz                             x86_64                             0.12.20-36.el7                                base                              78 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 78 k
Installed size: 181 k
Downloading packages:
lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                     |  78 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64                                                                                                             1/1 
  Verifying  : lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64                                                                                                             1/1 

Installed:
  lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7                                                                                                                            

Complete!

# rz 将本地文件上传至服务器，在弹出的窗口选择要上传的文件即可
[root@bogon ~]# rz

5、上传前端项目至服务器

[root@bogon ~]# cd /opt/
# 解压zip的压缩包，需要解压工具unzip
[root@bogon opt]# yum install -y unzip
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-24.el7_9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch                               Version                                    Repository                           Size
===========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 unzip                             x86_64                             6.0-24.el7_9                               updates                             172 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 172 k
Installed size: 369 k
Downloading packages:
unzip-6.0-24.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                       | 172 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : unzip-6.0-24.el7_9.x86_64                                                                                                               1/1 
  Verifying  : unzip-6.0-24.el7_9.x86_64                                                                                                               1/1 

Installed:
  unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-24.el7_9                                                                                                                              

Complete!
[root@bogon opt]# unzip love-master.zip 
Archive:  love-master.zip
   creating: love-master/
  inflating: love-master/all.min.js  
  inflating: love-master/iali53.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/index.html  
  inflating: love-master/lovebgm.mp3  
  inflating: love-master/all.min.css  
  inflating: love-master/love.min.js  
   creating: love-master/img/
  inflating: love-master/jquery.min.js  
  inflating: love-master/README.txt  
   creating: love-master/fonts/
  inflating: love-master/img/iali44.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/319280.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali51.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali45.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali53.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali76_bg.png  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali40_bg.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali46.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali52.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali10.gif  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali42.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali57.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali69.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali68.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali40.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/319280_bg.xcf  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali32.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali18.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali24.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali9.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali25.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali31.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali19.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/music.png  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali35.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali21.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali20.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali76.gif  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali22.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/14915.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali37.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali22_bg.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali30_2.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali12.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali3.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali2.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali30_1.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali11.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali0.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali14.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali5.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali4.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali8_bg.png  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali29.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali57.gif  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali6.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali75_bg.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali16.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali59.png  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali65.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali71.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali50_1.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali64.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali58.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali66.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali59_bg.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali50_2.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali8.gif  
  inflating: love-master/img/mute.png  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali67.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali77.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali63.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali62.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali45_bg.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali60.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali2_bg.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali49.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/img/iali75.jpg  
  inflating: love-master/fonts/RuiHeiXiTi.otf  
[root@bogon opt]# ls
love-master  love-master.zip
[root@bogon opt]# rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*
[root@bogon opt]# cp -r /opt/love-master/* /usr/share/nginx/html/

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