1. 练习题目
辅导初中学生数学的过程中，发现一道有意思的题目，分享如下。
1.1 题目描述
计算：
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\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}}+\cdots+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{{2010}^2}+\frac{1}{{2011}^2}}
1+121+221+1+221+321+1+321+421+⋯+1+201021+201121
本题是面向初二上学期的一道二次根式练习题，难度为“培优级”。
1.2 思路
这道题，应分析通项（即每一个根式项）。
2. 答题
2.1 分析通项
令通项为：
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u_n=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{{(n+1)}^2}}
un=1+n21+(n+1)21
则题目即计算
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\sum_{n=1}^{2010}u_n
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令
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v_n=1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{{(n+1)}^2}
vn=1+n21+(n+1)21
显然有：
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u_n=\sqrt{v_n}
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我们努力化简
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\begin{aligned} v_n&=1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\\ &=1+\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2}{n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2}\\ &=\frac{n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2}{n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2} \end{aligned}
vn=1+n21+(n+1)21=1+n2∙(n+1)2(n+1)2+n2=n2∙(n+1)2n2∙(n+1)2+(n+1)2+n2
令
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w_n=n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2
wn=n2∙(n+1)2+(n+1)2+n2
则有
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\begin{aligned} w_n&=n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2\\ &=n^2\bullet\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+n^2\\ &=\left(n^4+2n^3+n^2\right)+\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+n^2\\ &=n^2\bullet\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+n^2\\ &=\left(n^4+2n^3+n^2\right)+\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+n^2\\ &=n^4+2n^3+{3n}^2+2n+1\\ &=\left(n^4+n^3+n^2\right)+\left(n^3+n^2+n\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)\\ &=n^2\bullet\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n\bullet\left(n^2+n+1\right)+\left(n^2+n+1\right)\\ &=\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)\\ &=\left(n^2+n+1\right)^2 \end{aligned}
wn=n2∙(n+1)2+(n+1)2+n2=n2∙(n2+2n+1)+(n2+2n+1)+n2=(n4+2n3+n2)+(n2+2n+1)+n2=n2∙(n2+2n+1)+(n2+2n+1)+n2=(n4+2n3+n2)+(n2+2n+1)+n2=n4+2n3+3n2+2n+1=(n4+n3+n2)+(n3+n2+n)+(n2+n+1)=n2∙(n2+n+1)+n∙(n2+n+1)+(n2+n+1)=(n2+n+1)(n2+n+1)=(n2+n+1)2
则
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v_n=\frac{w_n}{n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(n^2+n+1\right)^2}{n^2\bullet\left(n+1\right)^2}=\left[\frac{n^2+n+1}{n\bullet(n+1)}\right]^2
vn=n2∙(n+1)2wn=n2∙(n+1)2(n2+n+1)2=[n∙(n+1)n2+n+1]2
则
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u_n=\sqrt{v_n}=\frac{n^2+n+1}{n\bullet\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n\bullet\left(n+1\right)+1}{n\bullet\left(n+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{n\bullet\left(n+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}
un=vn=n∙(n+1)n2+n+1=n∙(n+1)n∙(n+1)+1=1+n∙(n+1)1=1+n1−n+11
2.2 求通项的和
则
原式
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\begin{aligned} 原式&=\sum_{n=1}^{2010}u_n\\ &=\left(1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\cdots+\left(1+\frac{1}{2010}-\frac{1}{2011}\right)\\ &=2010+(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2011})=2011-\frac{1}{2011} \end{aligned}
原式=n=1∑2010un=(1+11−21)+(1+21−31)+(1+31−41)+⋯+(1+20101−20111)=2010+(11−20111)=2011−20111
上式的结果按照带分数来表示，即：
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原式=2010\frac{2010}{2011}
原式=201020112010
【答毕】
鸣谢
初次尝试在 Markdown 文档中插入 KaTeX 数学公式，从以下链接中获得了帮助，特此感谢：
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