假设我们要提供一个小小的服务,采用HTTP协议进行通讯,客户端 POST 一些数据到服务器上。客户端不一定是PC,更不一定会按照一个Web Form的格式来提交数据,它可能是一个运行在PC上的Desktop Application,也可能是一个移动设备。
服务器端接收这样的请求极其简单,下面寥寥数行代码即可实现:
在Web站点中新建一个Generic Handler(*.ashx),代码如下:
<%@ WebHandler Language="C#" Class="Echo" %>
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
public class Echo : IHttpHandler
{
private System.Text.Encoding DefaultEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
public void ProcessRequest (HttpContext context)
{
context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
context.Response.ContentEncoding = DefaultEncoding;
Stream inputStream = context.Request.InputStream;
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, DefaultEncoding))
{
string requestContent = reader.ReadToEnd();
string responseContent = string.Format("Received: {0} <== END", requestContent);
context.Response.Write(responseContent);
}
}
public bool IsReusable
{
get { return false; }
}
}
然后我们写一个简单的客户端来测试它。在这个客户端里我们实现了一个类HttpClient来进行HTTP POST操作:
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="HttpClient.cs" author="Yaping Xin">
// Http protocol client.
// </copyright>
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace ConsoleClient
{
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
/// <summary>
/// Http protocol client.
/// </summary>
public class HttpClient
{
/// <summary>
/// Post data to specific url and get response content.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">the url to post</param>
/// <param name="postData">post data</param>
/// <returns>response content</returns>
public string Post(string url, string postData)
{
Uri uri = new Uri(url);
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(postData);
request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
using (Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream())
{
writer.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
writer.Close();
}
return this.ReadResponse(request);;
}
/// <summary>
/// Read response content from http request result.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request">http request object</param>
/// <returns>response content.</returns>
private string ReadResponse(HttpWebRequest request)
{
string result = string.Empty;
using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
{
using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8))
{
result = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
}
然后我们这样就能得到HTTP POST的返回:
// Replace the string content with your actual address please.
string defaultUrl = "http://ServerName:8081/WebPath/AnyService.ashx";
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
string response = client.Post(defaultUrl, @"abc 123! 测试 @");
Console.OutputEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
Console.WriteLine(response);
假设Client与Server两端都约定好采取某个格式对数据进行序列化与反序列化,例如都采用Json,客户端把对象通过Json封装后Post给Server,Server再采用Json将对象从Json字符串中解析出来,这样进行数据传递是便利的。再假设我们要压缩传送出的数据量,那么可以进行gzip压缩与解压。又假设我们要考虑安全性,那么我们可以在对象的结构中添加security token进行认证,以及采用某种加密算法对字符串进行加密与解密。怎么发挥就看您具体的应用了,构建一个属于您自己的轻量的service易如反掌。