Apache Maven简介与常用命令总结

Apache Maven是一个软件（特别是Java软件）项目管理及自动构建工具，由Apache软件基金会所提供。基于项目对象模型（缩写：POM）概念，Maven利用一个中央信息片断能管理一个项目的构建、报告和文档等步骤。曾是Jakarta项目的子项目，现为独立Apache项目。

Maven项目使用称为项目对象模型（Project Object Model，POM）来配置的。

项目对象模型存储在命名为 pom.xml 的文件中。

以下是一个简单的示例：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.redhamr</groupId>
	<artifactId>redhamr_web_member</artifactId>
	<version>1.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
				<artifactId>redhamr_mavenbasic</artifactId>
				<version>${project.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	<distributionManagement>
		<repository>
			<id>releases</id>
			<name>Releases</name>
			<url>http://192.168.1.22:8081/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>
		</repository>
		<snapshotRepository>
			<id>snapshots</id>
			<name>Snapshots</name>
			<url>http://192.168.1.22:8081/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
		</snapshotRepository>
	</distributionManagement>

	<build>
		<sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
	    <scriptSourceDirectory>src</scriptSourceDirectory>
	    <outputDirectory>WebRoot\WEB-INF\classes</outputDirectory>
	    <resources>
	      <resource>
	        <directory>src</directory>
	      </resource>
	    </resources>
    	<finalName>member</finalName>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.7</version>
				<configuration>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.7</source>
					<target>1.7</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.4</version>
				<configuration>
					<webResources>
						<resource>
							<directory>WebRoot</directory>
						</resource>
					</webResources>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
			<artifactId>redhamr_framework</artifactId>
			<version>${project.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
			<artifactId>redhamr_comp_member</artifactId>
			<version>${project.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-sitemesh-plugin</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
			<exclusions>  
		           <exclusion>      
		                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>          
		                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>  
		           </exclusion>  
		     </exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>net.sf.jxls</groupId>
			<artifactId>jxls-core</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.sitemesh</groupId>
			<artifactId>sitemesh</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>ognl</groupId>
			<artifactId>ognl</artifactId>
			<version>3.0.8</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javassist</groupId>
			<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts.xwork</groupId>
			<artifactId>xwork-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.3.16.3</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>asm</groupId>
			<artifactId>asm</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>asm</groupId>
			<artifactId>asm-commons</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

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以下是常用的命令：

1. 创建工程pro
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.ytxt.com -DartifactId=test-maven  
 
2. mvn archetype:create ：创建 Maven 项目
    mvn compile ：编译源代码
    mvn test-compile ：编译测试代码
    mvn test ： 运行应用程序中的单元测试
    mvn site ： 生成项目相关信息的网站
    mvn clean ：清除目标目录中的生成结果
    mvn package ： 依据项目生成 jar 文件
    mvn install ：在本地 Repository 中安装 jar
    mvn deploy：将jar包发布到远程仓库
    mvn eclipse:eclipse ：生成 Eclipse 项目文件
3. 编译源代码： mvn compile 
4. 编译测试代码：mvn test-compile    
5. 运行测试：mvn test   
6. 产生site：mvn site   
7. 打包：mvn package   
8. 在本地Repository中安装jar：mvn install 
9. 清除产生的项目：mvn clean   
10. 生成eclipse项目：mvn eclipse:eclipse  
11. 生成idea项目：mvn idea:idea  
12. 组合使用goal命令，如只打包不测试：mvn -Dtest package   
13. 编译测试的内容：mvn test-compile  
14. 只打jar包: mvn jar:jar  

15 .显示版本信息: mvn -version/-v