//字符串使用详解
//1.创建
//NSString 不可变字符串
NSString * str1 =@"hello world";
NSString * str2 =[[NSString alloc] initWithString:str1];
NSString * str3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:"123456"];
NSString * str4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat: @"%@,%d",str1,1234];
//临时创建字符串的方法:
NSString * str5 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"hello world"];
NSString * str6 = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%@,%d",str1,1234];
NSString * str7 = [NSString stringWithString: str1];
//2.对字符串的基本操作
//判断字符是否相等:
BOOL ret = [str1 isEqualToString:str2]; //返回值是bool类型,相等返回YES(1),不相等返回NO(0);
NSComparisonResult ret2 = [str1 compare:str6]; //字符串比较;
NSLog(@"%ld",(long)ret2);
/*str >str1 NSorderedDescending 1
str = str1 NSorderedSame 0
str < str1 NSorderedAscending = -1
*/
//查找子字符串:
NSString * str = @"I am a so good man.";
NSString * substr =@"so";
NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:substr];//NSRange是一个结构体,有两个成员,location,length;
//生成子字符串:
[str substringToIndex:6];//从头取6个字符生成一个新的字符串;
[str substringFromIndex:6];//从第6个字符(包含第6个)提取到最后;
NSRange range2 = {3,4};//从第3个开始取4个(不含第3个);
NSString * str8 = [str substringWithRange: range];
NSString *str9 = [str substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(3,4)];
//可以去掉空格
//(1)去掉全部空格
NSString *strUrl = [str stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
//(1)去掉左右两边的空格
NSString *strUrl2 = [str stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];
//将字符串分割成数组
NSString *a = @"冬瓜,西瓜,火龙果,大头,小狗";
NSArray *b = [a componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
//3.字符串替换
//将某一段字符串替换
NSString * c = [a stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"," withString:@"和"];
//将某一位置的字符串替换
NSString * D = [a stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 1) withString:@"南"];