最近换电脑重新安装了ubuntu 20.04.2.0,记录一些系统安装后可能用到的操作笔记。
1、设置root用户密码
sudo passwd root
输入sudo用户(登录用户密码)之后,输入想要设置的root密码即可。
2、查看及修改当前时区
(1)系统安装之后,如果发现系统与电脑时间有差异,可以通过以下3个命令中任何一个查看当前时区
timedatectl //打印当前时区信息
cat /etc/timezone //查看当前时区
ls -l /etc/localtime //查看当前链接的时区标识文件
(2)发现时区与电脑不一致,但是又不知道用哪个时区,可以通过下面两种方式查看系统所有可用时区
方法1:进入/usr/share/zoneinfo查看
方法2: 通过命令timedatectl list-timezones返回所有可用时区
如上图所示,一页显示不完,可以通过 ”空格键“ 继续显示,也可以通过 ”q“ 不再查看
(3)修改为系统时区
比如修改时区为上海:sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
3、新安装的Ubuntu系统可能会遇到无法从Windows复制内容到Ubuntu,可以依次输入以下命令解决:
sudo apt-get autoremove open-vm-tools //卸载已有的工具
sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools //安装工具open-vm-tools
sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop //安装open-vm-tools-desktop
4、修改Ubuntu系统的源
Ubuntu的源存放在 /etc/apt/sources.list 中,可以通过以下步骤修改源
(1)sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak //备份源文件,以防后续使用
(2)sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list //打开源文件
(3)复制以下内容到 sources.list 文件中
#添加阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#添加清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse
(4)更新源
sudo apt-get update
如出现依赖问题,解决方式如下:
sudo apt-get -f install
更新软件:
sudo apt-get upgrade