利用Date类定义TimeWithDate类(多继承)

设计思路：

首先定义Date类，声明三个protected成员变量（方便TimeWithDate类访问），year（年），month（月），day（日）。定义成员函数equal（比较日期是否相同），display（打印日期），increment（增加一天）。再定义protected成员函数，isLeapYear（判断是否闰年），getMonthDay（返回当年当月的天数）。

定义TimeWithDate类公共的方式继承Date类和Time类，

①定义成员函数equal（判断时间是否相同），在该函数中分别利用作用域运算符，分别调用Time类和Date类的equal方法，并作与运算。

②定义函数Add，实现对时间增加一定的秒数。

③定义函数subtract，实现两个日期相减，返回秒数。

④定义函数display，分别调用Time类和Date类的display方法。

代码实现：

timedate.hpp

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
public:
    Time() :hour(0), minute(0), sec(0) {}
    Time(int a, int b, int c) :hour(a), minute(b), sec(c) {}
    void display();

    void set(int,int,int);
    void increment();
    bool equal(Time& other_time);
    bool less_than(Time& other_time);
protected:
    int hour, minute, sec;
};
class Date
{
public:
    Date(int y=1,int m=1,int d=1):year(y),month(m),day(d){}
    void increment();
    bool equal(Date& other);
    void display();
protected:
    int year, month, day;
    int getMonthDay(int y, int m);
    bool isLeapYear(int y) { return (y % 400 == 0) || (y % 100 && y % 4 == 0); }
};
class TimeWithDate:public Time,public Date
{
public:
    TimeWithDate(int y = 1, int m = 1, int d = 1, int h = 0, int mi = 0, int s = 0)
        : Date(y, m, d), Time(h, mi, s) {}
    void display() { Date::display(); Time::display(); }
    bool equal(TimeWithDate& other) {
        return Date::equal(other) && Time::equal(other);
    }
    void Add(int s);
    int subtract(TimeWithDate& other);
};

TimeWithDate.cpp

#include "timedate.hpp"
void Time::display(){
    cout << this->hour << ":" << this->minute << ":" << this->sec << endl;
}
void Time::set(int h,int m,int s){
    this->hour = h; this->minute = m; this->sec = s;
}
void Time::increment()
{
    this->sec++;
    if (sec >= 60)
    {
        this->sec = 0; this->minute++;
        if (minute >= 60)
        {
            minute = 0; hour++;
            if (hour >= 24)hour = 0;
        }
    }
}
bool Time::equal(Time& a)
{//注意同类之间可以访问私有成员
    if (a.hour == this->hour)
        if (a.minute == this->minute)
            if (a.sec == this->sec)
                return true;
    return false;
}
bool Time::less_than(Time& a)
{
    if (this->hour < a.hour)return true;
    else if (this->hour == a.hour)
    {
        if (this->minute < a.hour)return true;
        else if (this->minute == a.minute)
            return this->sec < a.sec;
    }
    return false;
}
int Date::getMonthDay(int y,int m) {
    switch (m)
    {
    case 1: case 3: case 5: case 7: case 8: case 10: case 12:
        return 31;
    case 4: case 6: case 9: case 11:
        return 30;
    case 2:
        return isLeapYear(y) ? 29 : 28;
    default:
        return 0;
    }
}
void Date::increment()
{
    int d = getMonthDay(year, month);
    if (day == d) {
        day = 1;
        if (month == 12) {
            month = 1;
            year++;
        }
        else month++;
    }
    else day++;
}
void Date::display(){
    cout << this->year << "-" << this->month << "-" << this->day << endl;
}
bool Date::equal(Date& other){
    return this->year == other.year && this->month == other.month && this->day == other.day;
}
void TimeWithDate::Add(int s)
{
    int d = sec + s;
    sec = d % 60;d /= 60;
    d=minute+d;
    minute = d % 60;d /= 60;
    d = hour + d;
    hour = d % 24;
    if (d > 24){
        d /= 24;
        d = day + d;
        int md = getMonthDay(year, month);
        while (d > md){
            d -= md;
            month += 1;
            if (month > 12) {
                month = 1;
                year += 1;
            }
            md = getMonthDay(year, month);
        }
        day = d;
    }
}
int TimeWithDate::subtract(TimeWithDate& other)
{
    int totalSeconds = 0;
    // 计算日期差
    for (int i = other.year; i < this->year; i++) {
        totalSeconds += isLeapYear(i) ? 366 : 365;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < this->month; i++){
        totalSeconds += getMonthDay(year, i);
    }
    totalSeconds += day;
    for (int i = 1; i < other.month; i++) {
        totalSeconds -= getMonthDay(other.year, i);
    }
    totalSeconds -= other.day;
    totalSeconds *= 86400;
    // 计算时间差
    totalSeconds += (hour - other.hour) * 3600 + (minute - other.minute) * 60 + (sec - other.sec);
    return totalSeconds;
}