JavaWeb学习笔记06——filter过滤器

1.什么是filter？

过滤器实际上就是对web资源进行拦截，做一些处理后再交给下一个过滤器或servlet处理
通常都是用来拦截request进行处理的，也可以对返回的response进行拦截处理

大概流程图如下

2.简单实现filter

2.1 创建filter

public class FilterTest implements Filter {

    //容器启动时便会执行该方法
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("初始化filter");
    }

    //该方法里面用于执行过滤操作
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        System.out.println("执行filter前...");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); //放行，如果不写，程序会被拦截
        System.out.println("执行filter后...");
    }

    //web服务器关闭，执行该方法
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("销毁filter");
    }
}

2.2 创建测试要用的servlet类

ublic class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html"); //ajax异步请求为application/json格式
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter(); //响应流
        out.print("执行HelloServlet的doGet方法");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.3 web.xml文件中配置servlet以及filter

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <!--映射配置-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlets.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--配置拦截器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>filter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>servlets.FilterTest</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>filter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

2.4 运行结果


注：从运行结果上可以看到，在容器初始化时，便会初始化我们所配置好的filter

部分内容转载至：Java Web之过滤器（Filter）