Python的metaclass和decorator的元编程

Python的元编程一般是使用metaclass动态生成和修改修改类。

class metacls(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        dct['metacls_attr'] = 'metacls_attr'
        print 'metacls __new__'
        return type.__new__(cls,name, bases, dct)
    def __init__(self, name, bases, dct):
        print 'metacls __init__'
        return type.__init__(self,name, bases, dct)
    
class klass(object):
    __metaclass__ = metacls
    klass_attr = 'klass_attr'
    
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): 
        print 'klass __new__'
        return super(klass, cls).__new__(cls,  *args, **kwargs)
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print 'klass __init__'
        return super(klass, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) 
    def klass_method(self):
        print 'klass_method'
   
print klass.__dict__.keys()
        

Python的decorator一般用户修饰函数或类方法，使其完成自身的基本功能外，还可以完成其他附加功能，如日志、缓存和追踪等。但通过修饰类的__new__方法可以添加、修改类的属性和方法，实现元编程的功能。

def decorator(fn):
	if fn.__name__ != '__new__': 
		return fn
	else:
		def newfn(cls, *args, **kwargs):
			dct['metacls_attr'] = 'metacls_attr'
			return fn(cls, *args, **kwargs)
		return newfn	


class klass2(object): 
	__metaclass__ = metacls 
	klass_attr = 'klass_attr' 

	@decorator 
	def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): 
		print 'klass __new__' 
		return super(klass, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs) 

	def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
		print 'klass __init__' 
		return super(klass, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) 

	def klass_method(self): 
		print 'klass_method' 

print klass2.__dict__.keys()

decorator: http://www.mantingzhou.com/subject/39/

metaclass:http://www.mantingzhou.com/subject/40/