线程状态
新建状态(NEW)
使用
new
操作符创建一个线程,并且尚未调用start()
方法,此时线程处在新建状态。
Thread t = new DemoThread();
System.out.println(t.getState());
// output: NEW
可运行状态/就绪状态(RUNNABLE)
一个新创建的线程并不自动开始运行,要执行线程,必须调用线程的
start()
方法。当线程对象调用start()
方法即启动了线程,start()
方法创建线程运行的系统资源,并调度线程运行run()
方法。当start()方法返回后,线程就处于就绪状态。
处于就绪状态的线程并不一定立即运行run()
方法,线程还必须同其他线程竞争CPU时间,只有获得CPU时间才可以运行线程。因为在单CPU的计算机系统中,不可能同时运行多个线程,一个时刻仅有一个线程处于运行状态。因此此时可能有多个线程处于就绪状态。对多个处于就绪状态的线程是由Java运行时系统的线程调度程序(thread scheduler)来调度的。
Thread t = new DemoThread();
t.start(); // 启动线程
System.out.println(t.getState());
// output: RUNNABLE
阻塞状态(BLOCKED)
线程处于阻塞状态时,该线程还没有运行结束,只是暂时让出CPU,让其他处于就绪状态的线程有机会获得CPU使用时间,进入运行状态。
synchronized
比较经典的就是synchronized关键字,这个关键字修饰的代码块或者方法,均需要获取到对应的锁,在未获取之前,其线程的状态处于BLOCKED,如果线程长时间处于这种状态下,就需要看是否出现死锁的问题。
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private byte[] lock = new byte[0];
public MyThread(byte[] lock) {
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lock){
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running.");
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " done.");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
byte[] lock = new byte[0];
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(lock);
thread1.setName("thread1");
thread1.start();
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread(lock);
thread2.setName("thread2");
thread2.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);//等一会再检查状态
System.out.println("thread2 当前状态" + thread2.getState());
}
/* output:
* thread1 is running.
* thread2 当前状态BLOCKED
* thread1 done.
* thread2 is running.
* thread2 done.
*/
}
等待状态
当执行如下代码的时候,对应的线程会进入到 WAITING 状态
Object.wait()
Thread.join()
LockSupport.park()
Object.wait()
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private Object lock;
public MyThread(Object lock) {
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("等待进入 synchronized 方法");
synchronized (lock){
try {
System.out.println("调用 wait() 方法,释放锁");
lock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
byte[] lock = new byte[0];
MyThread myThread = new MyThread(lock);
myThread.setName("myThread");
myThread.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("myThread 当前状态 " + myThread.getState());
synchronized (lock){
lock.notify(); //notify通知wait的线程
}
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("myThread 当前状态 " + myThread.getState());
}
/*
* 等待进入 synchronized 方法
* 调用 wait() 方法,释放锁
* myThread 当前状态 WAITING
* myThread 当前状态 TERMINATED
*/
}
Thread.join()
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private Object lock;
public MyThread(Object lock) {
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("thread1 正在执行。");
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("thread1 执行完毕。");
}
}
public class MyOtherThread extends Thread{
Thread thread;
public MyOtherThread(Thread thread) {
this.thread = thread;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("thread2 正在执行。并调用 thread1 的 join() 方法");
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("thread1 执行完毕,thread2 后续代码开始执行。");
System.out.println("thread2 后续代码执行完毕。");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
byte[] lock = new byte[0];
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(lock);
thread1.start();
MyOtherThread thread2 = new MyOtherThread(thread1);
thread2.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("thread2当前状态为 " + thread2.getState());
}
/** output:
* thread1 正在执行。
* thread2 正在执行。并调用 thread1 的 join() 方法
* thread2当前状态为 WAITING
* thread1 执行完毕。
* thread1 执行完毕,thread2 后续代码开始执行。
* thread2 后续代码执行完毕。
*/
}
LockSupport.park()
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private Object lock;
public MyThread(Object lock) {
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("调用 LockSupport.park()");
LockSupport.park();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
byte[] lock = new byte[0];
MyThread thread = new MyThread(lock);
thread.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("thread 当前状态为 " + thread.getState());
System.out.println("调用 LockSupport.unpark(thread)");
LockSupport.unpark(thread);
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("thread 当前状态为 " + thread.getState());
}
/**output:
* 调用 LockSupport.park()
* thread 当前状态为 WAITING
* 调用 LockSupport.unpark(thread)
* thread 当前状态为 TERMINATED
*/
}
计时等待状态(TIMED_WAITING)
TIMED_WAITING 和 WAITING 状态的区别在于,TIMED_WAITING 的等待是有一定时效的,而 WAITING 状态等待的时间是永久的,必须等到某个条件符合才能继续往下走,否则线程不会被唤醒。
而 TIMED_WAITING,等待一段时间之后,会唤醒线程去重新获取锁。
当执行如下代码的时候,对应的线程会进入到 TIMED_WAITING 状态
Thread.sleep(long)
Object.wait(long)
Thread.join(long)
LockSupport.parkNanos()
LockSupport.parkUntil()
Thread.sleep(long)
public class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 调用 sleep(10000) 方法");
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sleep(10000) 方法执行完毕");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
byte[] lock = new byte[0];
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
myThread.setName("myThread");
myThread.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);//等一会再检查状态
System.out.println("myThread 当前状态" + myThread.getState());
}
/* output:
* myThread 调用 sleep(10000) 方法
* myThread 当前状态TIMED_WAITING
* myThread sleep(10000) 方法执行完毕
*/
}
Object.wait(long)
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private Object lock;
public MyThread(Object lock) {
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("获取锁");
synchronized (lock){
try {
System.out.println("调用 wait(1000) 方法,释放锁");
lock.wait(1000);//注意,此处1s之后线程醒来,会重新尝试去获取锁,如果拿不到,后面的代码也不执行
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("开始执行 wait() 后续代码");
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("后续代码执行完毕");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
byte[] lock = new byte[0];
MyThread myThread = new MyThread(lock);
myThread.setName("myThread");
myThread.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("myThread 当前状态 " + myThread.getState());
Thread.sleep(2000);//等一会再检查状态
System.out.println("myThread 当前状态 " + myThread.getState());
}
/*
* 获取锁
* 调用 wait(1000) 方法,释放锁
* myThread 当前状态 TIMED_WAITING
* 开始执行 wait() 后续代码
* 后续代码执行完毕
* myThread 当前状态 TERMINATED
*/
}
终止状态(TERMINATED)
run()
方法运行结束- 出现未捕获异常导致
run()
方法异常终止