ReactiveCocoa Tutorial – The Definitive Introduction: Part 2/2

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-22 21:37:56 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-22 21:37:56 发布
阅读量861 收藏
点赞数
分类专栏： iOS 文章标签： objective-c ios ReactiveCocoa

原文地址：http://www.raywenderlich.com/62796/reactivecocoa-tutorial-pt2

ReactiveCocoa is a framework that allows you to use Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) techniques within your iOS applications. With the first installment of this two-part ReactiveCocoa tutorial series you learned how to replace standard actions and event handling logic with signals that emit streams of events. You also learned how to transform, split and combine these signals.

In this, the second part of the series, you’re going to learn about the more advanced features of ReactiveCocoa. Including:

  • The two other event types: error and completed
  • Throttling
  • Threading
  • Continuations
  • …and more!

It’s time to dive in!

Twitter Instant

The application you’re going to develop throughout this tutorial is called Twitter Instant (modeled on the Google Instant concept), a Twitter search application that updates search results in real-time as you type.

The starter project for this application includes the basic user interface and some of the more mundane code you’ll need to get you started. As with part 1, you’ll need to use CocoaPods to obtain the ReactiveCocoa framework and integrate it with your project. The starter project already includes the necessary Podfile, so open up a terminal window and execute the following command:

pod install

If it executes correctly, you should see output similar to the following:

Analyzing dependencies
Downloading dependencies
Using ReactiveCocoa (2.1.8)
Generating Pods project
Integrating client project

This should have generated a Xcode workspace, TwitterInstant.xcworkspace. Open this up in Xcode and confirm that it contains two projects:

  • TwitterInstant: which is where your application logic will live
  • Pods: which is where the external dependencies reside. Currently it just contains ReactiveCocoa

Build and run. The following interface will greet you:
TwitterInstantStarter

Take a moment to familiarize yourself with the application code. It is a very simple split view controller-based app. The left-hand panel is the RWSearchFormViewController, which has a few UI controls added via the storyboard, and the search text field connected to an outlet. The right-hand panel is theRWSearchResultsViewController, which is a currently just a UITableViewController subclass.

If you open up RWSearchFormViewController.m you can see the viewDidLoad method locates the results view controller and assigns it to the resultsViewController private property. The majority of your application logic is going to live within RWSearchFormViewController, and this property will supply search results toRWSearchResultsViewController.

Validating the Search Text

The first thing you’re going to do is validate the search text to ensure it’s length is greater than two characters. This should be a pleasant refresher if you completed part 1 of this series.

Within RWSearchFormViewController.m add the following method just below viewDidLoad:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">BOOL</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>text <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  2.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> text.length > <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">2</span>;  
  3. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  

This simply ensures the supplied search string is longer than two characters. With such simple logic you might be asking “Why is this a separate method in the project file?”

The current logic is simple. But what if it needed to be more complex in future? With the above example, you would only make changes in one place. Furthermore, the above makes your code more expressive and it indicates why you’re checking the length of the string. We all follow good coding practices, right?

At the top of the same file, import ReactiveCocoa:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(110,55,26)">#import <ReactiveCocoa.h></span>  

Within the same file add the following to the end of viewDidLoad:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.searchText.rac_textSignal  
  2.   map<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> ?  
  4.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor whiteColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor yellowColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UIColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>color<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     self.searchText.backgroundColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> color;  
  8.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

Wondering what that’s all about? The above code:

  • Takes the search text field’s text signal
  • Transforms it into a background color that indicates whether it is valid or not
  • Then applies this to the text field’s backgroundColor property in the subscribeNext: block.

Build and run to observe how the text field now indicates an invalid entry with a yellow background if the current search string is too short.

ValidatedTextField

Illustrated graphically, this simple reactive pipeline looks a bit like this:

TextValidationPipeline

The rac_textSignal emits next events containing the current text field’s text each time a change occurs. The map step transforms the text value into a color, while the subscribeNext: step takes this value and applies it to the text field background.

Of course, you do remember this from the first article, right? If not, you might want to stop right here and at least read through the exercises.

Before adding the Twitter search logic, there are a few more interesting topics to cover.

Formatting of Pipelines

When you’re delving into formatting ReactiveCocoa code, the generally accepted convention is to have each operation on a new line, and align all of the steps vertically.

In this next image, you can see the alignment of a more complex example, taken from the previous tutorial:

PipelineFormatting

This allows you to see the operations that make up the pipeline very easily. Also, minimize the amount of code in each block; anything more than a couple of lines should be broken out into a private method.

Unfortunately, Xcode doesn’t really like this style of formatting, so you might find yourself battling with its automatic indentation logic!

Memory Management

Considering the code you added to the TwitterInstant app, are you wondering how the pipeline you just created is retained? Surely, as it is not assigned to a variable or property it will not have its reference count incremented and is doomed to destruction?

One of the design goals of ReactiveCocoa was to allow this style of programming, where pipelines can form anonymously. In all of the reactive code you’ve written so far, this should seem quite intuitive.

In order to support this model, ReactiveCocoa maintains and retains its own global set of signals. If it has one or more subscribers, then the signal is active. If all subscribers are removed, the signal can be de-allocated. For more information on how ReactiveCocoa manages this process see the Memory Management documentation.

That leaves on final question: How do you unsubscribe from a signal? After a completed or error event, a subscription removes itself automatically (you’ll learn more about this shortly). Manual removal may be accomplished via RACDisposable.

The subscription methods on RACSignal all return an instance of RACDisposable that allows you to manually remove the subscription via the dispose method. Here is a quick example using the current pipeline:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>backgroundColorSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span>  
  2.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.searchText.rac_textSignal  
  3.     map<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  4.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> ?  
  5.         <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor whiteColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor yellowColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  6.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  7.    
  8. RACDisposable <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>subscription <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span>  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>backgroundColorSignal  
  10.     subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UIColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>color<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  11.       self.searchText.backgroundColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> color;  
  12.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  13.    
  14. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// at some point in the future ...</em></span>  
  15. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscription dispose<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

It is unlikely you’ll find yourself doing this very often, but it is worth knowing the possibility exists.

Note: As a corollary to this, if you create a pipeline but do not subscribe to it, the pipeline never executes, this includes any side-effects such as doNext: blocks.

Avoiding Retain Cycles

While ReactiveCocoa does a lot of clever stuff behind the scenes — which means you don’t have to worry too much about the memory management of signals — there is one important memory-related issue you do need to consider.

If you look at the reactive code you just added:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.searchText.rac_textSignal  
  2.   map<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> ?  
  4.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor whiteColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor yellowColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UIColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>color<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     self.searchText.backgroundColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> color;  
  8.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

The subscribeNext: block uses self in order to obtain a reference to the text field. Blocks capture and retain values from the enclosing scope, therefore if a strong reference exists between self and this signal, it will result in a retain cycle. Whether this matters or not depends on the lifecycle of the self object. If its lifetime is the duration of the application, as is the case here, it doesn’t really matter. But in more complex applications, this is rarely the case.

In order to avoid this potential retain cycle, the Apple documentation for Working With Blocksrecommends capturing a weak reference to self. With the current code you can achieve this as follows:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. __weak RWSearchFormViewController <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>bself <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> self; <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// Capture the weak reference</em></span>  
  2.    
  3. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.searchText.rac_textSignal  
  4.   map<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  5.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> ?  
  6.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor whiteColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor yellowColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  7.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  8.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UIColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>color<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  9.     bself.searchText.backgroundColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> color;  
  10.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

In the above code bself is a reference to self that has been marked as __weak in order to make it a weak reference. Notice that the subscribeNext: block now uses the bself variable. This doesn’t look terribly elegant!

The ReactiveCocoa framework inlcudes a little trick you can use in place of the above code. Add the following import to the top of the file:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(110,55,26)">#import "RACEXTScope.h"</span>  

Then replace the above code with the following:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. @weakify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  2. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.searchText.rac_textSignal  
  3.   map<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> ?  
  5.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor whiteColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIColor yellowColor<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  6.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  7.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UIColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>color<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  8.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  9.     self.searchText.backgroundColor <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> color;  
  10.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

The @weakify and @strongify statements above are macros defined in the Extended Objective-C library, and they are also included in ReactiveCocoa. The @weakify macro allows you to create shadowvariables which are weak references (you can pass multiple variables if you require multiple weak references), the @strongify macro allows you to create strong references to variables that were previously passed to @weakify.

Note: If you’re interested in finding out what  @weakify and  @strongify actually do, within Xcode select  Product -> Perform Action -> Preprocess “RWSearchForViewController”. This will preprocess the view controller, expand all the macros and allow you to see the final output.

One final note of caution, take care when using instance variables within blocks. These will also result in the block capturing a strong reference to self. You can turn on a compiler warning to alert you if your code results in this problem. Search for retain within the project’s build settings to find the options indicated below:

AvoidRetainSelf

Okay, you survived the theory, congrats! Now you’re much wiser and ready to move on to the fun part: adding some real functionality to your application!

Note: The keen-eyed readers among you who paid attention in the previous tutorial will have no doubt notice that you can remove the need for the subscribeNext: block in the current pipeline by making use of the RAC macro. If you spotted this, make that change and award yourself a shiny gold star!

Requesting Access to Twitter

You’re going to use the Social Framework in order to allow the TwitterInstant application to search for Tweets, and the Accounts Framework in order to grant access to Twitter. For a more detailed overview of the Social Framework, check out the chapter dedicated to this framework in iOS 6 by Tutorials.

Before you add this code, you need to input your Twitter credentials into the simulator or the iPad you’re running this app on. Open the Settings app and select the Twitter menu option, then add your credentials on the right hand side of the screen:

TwitterCredentials

The starter project already has the required frameworks added, so you just need to import the headers. Within RWSearchFormViewController.m, add the following imports to the top of the file:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(110,55,26)">#import <Accounts/Accounts.h></span>  
  2. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(110,55,26)">#import <Social/Social.h></span>  

Just beneath the imports add the following enumeration and constant:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">typedef</span> NS_ENUM<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>NSInteger, RWTwitterInstantError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  2.     RWTwitterInstantErrorAccessDenied,  
  3.     RWTwitterInstantErrorNoTwitterAccounts,  
  4.     RWTwitterInstantErrorInvalidResponse  
  5. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>;  
  6.    
  7. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">static</span> <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">const</span> RWTwitterInstantDomain <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"TwitterInstant"</span>;  

You’re going to be using these shortly to identify errors.

Further down the same file, just beneath the existing property declarations, add the following:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>strong, nonatomic<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> ACAccountStore <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>accountStore;  
  2. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>strong, nonatomic<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> ACAccountType <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>twitterAccountType;  

The ACAccountsStore class provides access to the various social media accounts your device can connect to, and the ACAccountType class represents a specific type of account.

Further down the same file, add the following to the end of viewDidLoad:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. self.accountStore <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>ACAccountStore alloc<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> init<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  2. self.twitterAccountType <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.accountStore   
  3.   accountTypeWithAccountTypeIdentifier<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>ACAccountTypeIdentifierTwitter<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

This creates the accounts store and Twitter account identifier.

When an app requests access to a social media account, the user sees a pop-up. This is an asynchronous operation, hence it is a good candidate for wrapping in a signal in order to use it reactively!

Further down the same file, add the following method:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>requestAccessToTwitterSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  2.    
  3.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 1 - define an error</em></span>  
  4.   <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>accessError <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> errorWithDomain<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RWTwitterInstantDomain  
  5.                                              code<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RWTwitterInstantErrorAccessDenied  
  6.                                          userInfo<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  7.    
  8.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 2 - create the signal</em></span>  
  9.   @weakify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  10.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACSignal createSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACDisposable <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>id<RACSubscriber> subscriber<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  11.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 3 - request access to twitter</em></span>  
  12.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  13.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.accountStore  
  14.        requestAccessToAccountsWithType<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>self.twitterAccountType  
  15.          options<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>  
  16.       completion<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">BOOL</span> granted, <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  17.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 4 - handle the response</em></span>  
  18.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">!</span>granted<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  19.             <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>accessError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  20.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">else</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  21.             <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  22.             <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendCompleted<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  23.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  
  24.         <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  25.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;  
  26.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  27. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  

This method does the following:

  1. An error is defined, which is sent if the user refuses access.
  2. As per the first article, the class method createSignal returns an instance of RACSignal.
  3. Access to Twitter is requested via the account store. At this point, the user will see a prompt asking them to grant this app access to their Twitter accounts.
  4. After the user grants or denies access, the signal events are emitted. If the user grants access, a nextevent followed by a completed are sent. If the user denies access, an error event is emitted.

If you recall from the first tutorial, a signal can emit three different event types:

  • Next
  • Completed
  • Error

Over a signal’s lifetime, it may emit no events, one or more next events followed by either acompleted event or an error event.

Finally, in order to make use of this signal, add the following to the end of viewDidLoad:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"Access granted"</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  4.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  5.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  6.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

If you build and run, the following prompt should greet you::

RequestAccessToTwitter

If you tap OK, the log message in the subscribeNext: block should appear in the console, whereas, if you tap Don’t Allow, the error block executes and logs the respective message.

The Accounts Framework remembers the decision you made. Therefore to test both paths you need to reset the simulator via the iOS Simulator -> Reset Contents and Settings … menu option. This is a bit of a pain because you also have to re-enter your Twitter credentials!

Chaining Signals

Once the user has (hopefully!) granted access to their Twitter accounts, the application needs to continuously monitor the changes to the search text field, in order to query twitter.

The application needs to wait for the signal that requests access to Twitter to emit its completed event, and then subscribe to the text field’s signal. The sequential chaining of different signals is a common problem, but one that ReactiveCocoa handles very gracefully.

Replace your current pipeline at the end of viewDidLoad with the following:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   then<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> self.searchText.rac_textSignal;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"%@"</span>, x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  8.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  9.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  10.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

The then method waits until a completed event is emitted, then subscribes to the signal returned by its block parameter. This effectively passes control from one signal to the next.

Note: You’ve already weakified self for the pipeline that sits just above this one, so there is no need to precede this pipeline with a @weakify(self).

The then method passes error events through. Therefore the final subscribeNext:error: block still receives errors emitted by the initial access-requesting step.

When you build and run, then grant access, you should see the text you input into the search field logged in the console:

2014-01-04 08:16:11.444 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] m
2014-01-04 08:16:12.276 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] ma
2014-01-04 08:16:12.413 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] mag
2014-01-04 08:16:12.548 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] magi
2014-01-04 08:16:12.628 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] magic
2014-01-04 08:16:13.172 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] magic!

Next, add a filter operation to the pipeline to remove any invalid search strings. In this instance, they are strings comprised of less than three characters:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   then<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> self.searchText.rac_textSignal;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   filter<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>BOOL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  8.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  10.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  11.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"%@"</span>, x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  12.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  13.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  14.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

Build and run again to observe the filtering in action:

2014-01-04 08:16:12.548 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] magi
2014-01-04 08:16:12.628 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] magic
2014-01-04 08:16:13.172 TwitterInstant[39118:a0b] magic!

Illustrating the current application pipeline graphically, it looks like this:

PipelineWithThen

The application pipeline starts with the requestAccessToTwitterSignal then switches to the rac_textSignal. Meanwhile, next events pass through a filter and finally onto the subscription block. You can also see any error events emitted by the first step are consumed by the same subscribeNext:error: block.

Now that you have a signal that emits the search text, it is time to use this to search Twitter! Are you having fun yet? You should be because now you’re really getting somewhere.

Searching Twitter

The Social Framework is an option to access the Twitter Search API. However, as you might expect, theSocial Framework is not reactive! The next step is to wrap the required API method calls in a signal. You should be getting the hang of this process by now!

Within RWSearchFormViewController.m, add the following method:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>SLRequest <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>requestforTwitterSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>text <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  2.   <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURL_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSURL</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>url <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURL_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSURL</span></a> URLWithString<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json"</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  3.   <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSDictionary_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSDictionary</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>params <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> @<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"q"</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>;  
  4.    
  5.   SLRequest <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>request <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span>  <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>SLRequest requestForServiceType<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>SLServiceTypeTwitter  
  6.                                            requestMethod<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>SLRequestMethodGET  
  7.                                                      URL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>url  
  8.                                               parameters<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>params<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> request;  
  10. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  

This creates a request that searches Twitter via the v1.1 REST API. The above code uses the q search parameter to search for tweets that contain the given search string. You can read more about this search API, and other parameters that you can pass, in the Twitter API docs.

The next step is to create a signal based on this request. Within the same file, add the following method:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>signalForSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>text <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  2.    
  3.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 1 - define the errors</em></span>  
  4.   <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>noAccountsError <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> errorWithDomain<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RWTwitterInstantDomain  
  5.                                                  code<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RWTwitterInstantErrorNoTwitterAccounts  
  6.                                              userInfo<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  7.    
  8.   <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>invalidResponseError <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> errorWithDomain<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RWTwitterInstantDomain  
  9.                                                       code<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RWTwitterInstantErrorInvalidResponse  
  10.                                                   userInfo<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  11.    
  12.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 2 - create the signal block</em></span>  
  13.   @weakify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  14.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACSignal createSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACDisposable <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>id<RACSubscriber> subscriber<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  15.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  16.    
  17.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 3 - create the request</em></span>  
  18.     SLRequest <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>request <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestforTwitterSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  19.    
  20.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 4 - supply a twitter account</em></span>  
  21.     <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSArray_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSArray</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>twitterAccounts <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.accountStore  
  22.       accountsWithAccountType<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>self.twitterAccountType<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  23.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>twitterAccounts.count <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">==</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">0</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  24.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>noAccountsError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  25.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">else</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  26.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>request setAccount<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>twitterAccounts lastObject<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  27.    
  28.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 5 - perform the request</em></span>  
  29.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>request performRequestWithHandler<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSData_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSData</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>responseData,  
  30.                                           <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSHTTPURLResponse_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSHTTPURLResponse</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>urlResponse, <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  31.         <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>urlResponse.statusCode <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">==</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">200</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  32.    
  33.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 6 - on success, parse the response</em></span>  
  34.           <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSDictionary_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSDictionary</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>timelineData <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span>  
  35.              <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>responseData  
  36.                                              options<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>NSJSONReadingAllowFragments  
  37.                                                error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  38.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>timelineData<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  39.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendCompleted<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  40.         <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  
  41.         <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">else</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  42.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// 7 - send an error on failure</em></span>  
  43.           <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>invalidResponseError<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  44.         <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  
  45.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  46.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  
  47.    
  48.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;  
  49.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  50. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  

Taking each step in turn:

  1. Initially, you need to define a couple of different errors, one to indicate the user hasn’t added any Twitter accounts to their device, and the other to indicate an error when performing the query itself.
  2. As before, a signal is created.
  3. Create a request for the given search string using the method you added in the previous step.
  4. Query the account store to find the first available Twitter account. If no accounts are given, an error is emitted.
  5. The request executes.
  6. In the event of a successful response (HTTP response code 200), the returned JSON data is parsed and emitted along as a next event, followed by a completed event.
  7. In the event of an unsuccessful response, an error event is emitted.

Now to put this new signal to use!

In the first part of this tutorial you learnt how to use flattenMap to map each next event to a new signal that is then subscribed to. It’s time to put this to use once again. At the end of viewDidLoad update your application pipeline by adding a flattenMap step at the end:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   then<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> self.searchText.rac_textSignal;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   filter<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>BOOL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  8.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  10.   flattenMap<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACStream <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  11.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  12.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self signalForSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  13.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  14.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  15.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"%@"</span>, x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  16.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  17.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  18.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

Build and run, then type some text into the search text field. Once the text is at least three characters or more in length, you should see the results of the Twitter search in the console window.

The following shows just a snippet of the kind of data you’ll see:

2014-01-05 07:42:27.697 TwitterInstant[40308:5403] {
    "search_metadata" =     {
        "completed_in" = "0.019";
        count = 15;
        "max_id" = 419735546840117248;
        "max_id_str" = 419735546840117248;
        "next_results" = "?max_id=419734921599787007&q=asd&include_entities=1";
        query = asd;
        "refresh_url" = "?since_id=419735546840117248&q=asd&include_entities=1";
        "since_id" = 0;
        "since_id_str" = 0;
    };
    statuses =     (
                {
            contributors = "<null>";
            coordinates = "<null>";
            "created_at" = "Sun Jan 05 07:42:07 +0000 2014";
            entities =             {
                hashtags = ...

The signalForSearchText: method also emits error events which the subscribeNext:error: block consumes. Youcould take my word for this, but you’d probably like to test it out!

Within the simulator open up the Settings app and select your Twitter account, then delete it by tapping the Delete Account button:

RemoveTwitterAccount

If you re-run the application, it is still granted access to the user’s Twitter accounts, but there are no accounts available. As a result the signalForSearchText method will emit an error, which will be logged:

2014-01-05 07:52:11.705 TwitterInstant[41374:1403] An error occurred: Error 
  Domain=TwitterInstant Code=1 "The operation couldn’t be completed. (TwitterInstant error 1.)"

The Code=1 indicates this is the RWTwitterInstantErrorNoTwitterAccounts error. In a production application, you would want to switch on the error code and do something more meaningful than just log the result.

This illustrates an important point about error events; as soon as a signal emits an error, it falls straight-through to the error-handling block. It is an exceptional flow.

Note: Have a go at exercising the other exceptional flow when the Twitter request returns an error. Here’s a quick hint, try changing the request parameters to something invalid!

Threading

I’m sure you’re itching to wire-up the JSON output of the Twitter search to the UI, but before you do that there is one last thing you need to do. To find out what this is, you need to do a bit of exploration!

Add a breakpoint to the subscribeNext:error: step at the location indicated below:

BreakpointLocation

Re-run the application, re-enter your Twitter credentials again if needed, and type some text into the search field. When the breakpoint hits you should see something similar to the image below:

BreakpointResult

Notice the code where the debugger hit a break is not executed on the main thread, which appears as Thread 1 in the above screenshot. Keep in mind that it’s paramount you only update the UI from the main thread; therefore if you want to display the list of tweets in the UI you’re going to have to switch threads.

This illustrates an important point about the ReactiveCocoa framework. The operations shown above execute on the thread where the signal originally emitted its events. Try adding breakpoints at the other pipeline steps, you might be surprised to find they execute on more than one different thread!

So how do you go about updating the UI? The typical approach is to use operation queues (see the tutorial How To Use NSOperations and NSOperationQueues elsewhere on this site for more details), however ReactiveCocoa has a much simpler solution to this problem.

Update your pipeline by adding a deliverOn: operation just after flattenMap: as shown below:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   then<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> self.searchText.rac_textSignal;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   filter<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>BOOL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  8.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  10.   flattenMap<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACStream <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  11.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  12.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self signalForSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  13.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  14.   deliverOn<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACScheduler mainThreadScheduler<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  15.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  16.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"%@"</span>, x<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  17.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  18.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  19.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

Now re-run the app and type some text so your app hits the breakpoint. You should see the log statement in your subscribeNext:error: block is now executing on the main thread:

BreakpointNowOnUIThread

What? There’s just one simple operation for marshalling the flow of events onto a different thread? Just how awesome is that!?

You can safely proceed to update your UI!

NOTE: If you take a look at the RACScheduler class you’ll see that there is quite a range of options for delivering on threads with different priorities, or adding delays into pipelines.

It’s time to see those tweets!

Updating the UI

If you open RWSearchResultsViewController.h you’ll see it already has a displayTweets: method, which will cause the right-hand view controller to render the supplied array of tweets. The implementation is very simple, it’s just a standard UITableView datasource. The single argument for the displayTweets: method expects an NSArray containing RWTweet instances. You’ll also find the RWTweet model object was provided as part of the starter project.

The data which arrives at the subscibeNext:error: step is currently an NSDictionary, which was constructed by parsing the JSON response in signalForSearchWithText:. So how do you determine the contents of this dictionary?

If you take a look at the Twitter API documentation you can see a sample response. The NSDictionarymirrors this structure, so you should find that it has a key named statuses that is a NSArray of tweets, which are also NSDictionary instances.

If you look at RWTweet it already has a class method tweetWithStatus: which takes an NSDictionary in the given format and extracts the required data. So all you need to do is write a for loop, and iterate over the array, creating an instance of RWTweet for each tweet.

However, you’re not going to do that! Oh no, there’s much better things in store!

This article is about ReactiveCocoa and Functional Programming. The transformation of data from one format to another is more elegant when you use a functional API. You’re going to perform this task with LinqToObjectiveC.

Close the TwitterInstant workspace, and then open the Podfile that you created in the first tutorial, in TextEdit. Update the file to add the new dependency:

platform :ios, '7.0'
 
pod 'ReactiveCocoa', '2.1.8'
pod 'LinqToObjectiveC', '2.0.0'

Open up a terminal window in the same folder and issue the following command:

pod update

You should see output similar to the following:

Analyzing dependencies
Downloading dependencies
Installing LinqToObjectiveC (2.0.0)
Using ReactiveCocoa (2.1.8)
Generating Pods project
Integrating client project

Re-open the workspace and verify the new pod is showing as shown in the image below:

AddedLinqToObjectiveC

Open RWSearchFormViewController.m and add the following imports to the top of the file:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(110,55,26)">#import "RWTweet.h"</span>  
  2. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(110,55,26)">#import "NSArray+LinqExtensions.h"</span>  

The NSArray+LinqExtensions.h header is from LinqToObjectiveC, and adds a number of methods to NSArraythat allow you to transform, sort, group and filter its data using a fluent API.

Now to put this API to use … update the current pipeline at the end of viewDidLoad as follows:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   then<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> self.searchText.rac_textSignal;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   filter<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>BOOL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  8.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  10.   flattenMap<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACStream <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  11.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  12.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self signalForSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  13.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  14.   deliverOn<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACScheduler mainThreadScheduler<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  15.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSDictionary_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSDictionary</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>jsonSearchResult<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  16.     <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSArray_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSArray</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>statuses <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> jsonSearchResult<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"statuses"</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  17.     <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSArray_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSArray</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>tweets <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>statuses linq_select<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> tweet<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  18.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RWTweet tweetWithStatus<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>tweet<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  19.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  20.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.resultsViewController displayTweets<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>tweets<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  21.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  22.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  23.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

As you can see above, the subscribeNext: block first obtains the NSArray of tweets. The linq_select method transforms the array of NSDictionary instances by executing the supplied block on each array element, resulting in an array of RWTweet instances.

Once transformed, the tweets get sent to the results view controller.

Build and run to finally see the tweets appearing in the UI:

FinallyWeSeeTweets

Note: ReactiveCocoa and LinqToObjectiveC have similar sources of inspiration. Whilst ReactiveCocoa was modelled on Microsoft’s Reactive Extensions library, LinqToObjectiveC was modelled on their Language Integrated Query APIs, or LINQ, specifically Linq to Objects.

Asynchronous Loading of Images

You’ve probably noticed there is a gap to the left of each tweet. That space is there to show the Twitter user’s avatar.

The RWTweet class already has a profileImageUrl property that is populated with a suitable URL for fetching this image. In order for the table view to scroll smoothly, you need to ensure the code that fetches this image from the given URL is not executed on the main thread. This can be achieved using Grand Central Dispatch or NSOperationQueue. But why not use ReactiveCocoa?

Open RWSearchResultsViewController.m and add the following method to the end of the file:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>signalForLoadingImage<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>imageUrl <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  2.    
  3.   RACScheduler <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>scheduler <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACScheduler  
  4.                          schedulerWithPriority<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>RACSchedulerPriorityBackground<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  5.    
  6.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACSignal createSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACDisposable <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>id<RACSubscriber> subscriber<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSData_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSData</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>data <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSData_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSData</span></a> dataWithContentsOfURL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURL_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSURL</span></a> URLWithString<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>imageUrl<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  8.     UIImage <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>image <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIImage imageWithData<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>data<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>image<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  10.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>subscriber sendCompleted<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  11.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;  
  12.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> subscribeOn<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>scheduler<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  13.    
  14. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>  

You should be pretty familiar with this pattern by now!

The above method first obtains a background scheduler as you want this signal to execute on a thread other than the main one. Next, it creates a signal that downloads the image data and creates aUIImage when it has a subscriber. The final piece of magic is subscribeOn:, which ensures that the signal executes on the given scheduler.

Magic!

Now, within the same file update the tableView:cellForRowAtIndex: method by adding the following just before the return statement:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. cell.twitterAvatarView.image <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;  
  2.    
  3. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self signalForLoadingImage<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>tweet.profileImageUrl<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  4.   deliverOn<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACScheduler mainThreadScheduler<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  5.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UIImage <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>image<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  6.    cell.twitterAvatarView.image <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> image;  
  7.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

The above first resets the image since these cells are reused and could therefore contain stale data. Then it creates the required signal to fetch the image data. The deliverOn: pipeline step, you encountered previously, marshals the next event onto the main thread so that the subscribeNext: block can be safely executed.

Nice and simple!

Build and run to see that the avatars now display correctly:

AvatarsAtAlast

Throttling

You might have noticed that every time you type a new character, a Twitter search executes immediately. If you’re a fast typer (or simply hold down the delete key), this can result in the application performing several searches a second. This is not ideal for a couple of reasons: firstly, you’re hammering the Twitter search API and simultaneously throwing away most of the results. Secondly, you’re constantly updating the results which is rather distracting for the user!

A better approach would be to perform a search only if the search text is unchanged for a short amount of time, say 500 milliseconds.

As you’ve probably guessed, ReactiveCocoa makes this task incredibly simple!

Open RWSearchFormViewController.m and update the pipeline at the end of viewDidLoad by adding a throttle step just after the filter:

[objc]  view plain copy print ?
  1. <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self requestAccessToTwitterSignal<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  2.   then<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACSignal <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  3.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  4.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> self.searchText.rac_textSignal;  
  5.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  6.   filter<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>BOOL<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  7.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  8.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self isValidSearchText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  9.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  10.   throttle<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">0.5</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  11.   flattenMap<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>RACStream <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  12.     @strongify<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>self<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>  
  13.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self signalForSearchWithText<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>text<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  14.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  15.   deliverOn<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RACScheduler mainThreadScheduler<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>  
  16.   subscribeNext<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSDictionary_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSDictionary</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>jsonSearchResult<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  17.     <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSArray_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSArray</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>statuses <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> jsonSearchResult<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"statuses"</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  18.     <a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSArray_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSArray</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>tweets <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>statuses linq_select<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span>id<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> tweet<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  19.       <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>RWTweet tweetWithStatus<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>tweet<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  20.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  21.     <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.resultsViewController displayTweets<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>tweets<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  
  22.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span> error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55)"><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>  
  23.     NSLog<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>@</em></span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"An error occurred: %@"</span>, error<span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  
  24.   <span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="border:0px; font-family:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-weight:inherit; margin:0px; outline:0px; padding:0px; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;  

The throttle operation will only send a next event if another next event isn’t received within the given time period. It’s really that simple!

Build and run to confirm that the search results only update if you stop typing for 500 milliseconds. Feels much better doesn’t it? Your users will think so too.

And…with that final step your Twitter Instant application is complete. Give yourself a pat on the back and do a happy dance.

If you got lost somewhere in the tutorial you can download the final project (Don’t forget to run pod install from the project’s directory before opening), or you can obtain the code from GitHub where there is a commit for each Build & Run step in this tutorial.

Wrap Up

Before heading off and treating yourself to a victory cup of coffee, it’s worth admiring the final application pipeline:

CompletePipeline

That’s quite a complicated data flow, all expressed concisely as a single reactive pipeline. It’s a beautiful sight to see! Can you imagine how much more complex this application would be using non-reactive techniques? And how much harder it would be to see the data flows in such an application? Sounds very cumbersome, and now you don’t have to go down that road ever again!

Now you know that ReactiveCocoa is really quite awesome!

One final point, ReactiveCocoa makes it possible to use the Model View ViewModel, or the MVVM design pattern, which provides better separation of application logic and view logic. If anyone is interested in a follow-up article on MVVM with ReactiveCocoa, please let me know in the comments. I’d love to hear your thoughts and experiences!


YQXH_Wang
关注
  • 0
    点赞
  • 踩
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
专栏目录
iOSDevelopmentTutorial:iOS编程的教程和参考指南
05-12
iOS开发资源汇总整理 搜集整理iOS开发过程中不错的学习资源，节省iOS开发者为寻找各种技术站点所花费的时间和精力，也欢迎大家fork&star,推荐你遇到的好的资源，分享出来，一起学习成长，将开源进行到底。 本文内容会持续不断地更新并维护，如果您有推荐的资源，请到此处。 移动开发姊妹篇,请到这里。 移动开发姊妹篇,请到这里。 iOS官方相关技术站点 站点名称 站点地址 站点介绍 这其中包括人机交互指南，自适应的用户界面，国际化，以及无障碍设计，是所有App设计师，产品人员以及开发人员的必修课程。 每年正式发布的最新的iOS开发版本，以及新的一年WWDC大会发布的iOS预览版都会在这里，是开发iOS的权威指南。 介绍Xcode最新特性，使用方法，下载地址。 最新的swift特性，参考指南，官方实例，视频教程都在此。 https://developer.apple.com/devforum
laravel-tutorial：https：//www.youtube.comwatch？v = BXiHvgrJfkg＆ab_channel = Bitfumes
02-20
该项目遵循。 它是具有用户身份验证的基本待办事项... 在.env文件中，将DB_DATABASE变量设置为“ laravel_tutorial”（不带引号）。 使用php artisan serve命令启动Web服务器。 您将获得一个将在其中运行应用程序的URL
Mar 18, iOS Dev Tutorial
weixin_30326515的博客
07-22 117
Holder: Zhouyue Su Meeting @ Sigma Duration: 7pm – 22pm Attendees: All iOS Group members. Outline: Part 1: iOS dev tutorial by Zhouyue Su Introduce Objective-C & its memory management ...
华为云·对象储存obs添加完cdn加速域名后访问资源提示权限不足如何处理This XML file does not appear to have any style information asso
一颗优雅草科技-央千澈的CSDN博客~只想无穷无尽的学习~
10-27 2601
This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below.AccessDeniedAccess Denied000001841823139F98132450BB32A9E00GY0mqTB9Y4704vE
解决阿里云OSS无法使用图片URL访问，访问时提示下载
Coding Earth Engine
10-22 3万+
问题原因 阿里云OSS无法使用图片URL访问，访问时提示下载 访问oss生成的图片路径，访问被禁止，返回一堆错误的xml文件 问题展示 This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below. <Error>...
ReactiveCocoa Tutorial – The Definitive Introduction: Part 1/2
YQXH_Wang的博客
10-14 666
原文地址：http://www.raywenderlich.com/62699/reactivecocoa-tutorial-pt1 As an iOS developer, nearly every line of code you write is in reaction to some event; a button tap, a received network messag
TypeScript-Tutorial:开源的 TypeScript Tutorial 教程中文版，翻译自：https
07-24
项目介绍 TypeScript 语言越来越受欢迎，而 TypeScript 语言的学习渠道也越来越多，笔者在学习 TypeScript 语言的时候发现一个不错的入门级教程 ，学习完以后打算翻译成中文提供给更多的人学习，于是 这个项目就诞生...
FLUENT 2020R2 tutorial guide PDF及案例源文件
08-16
field functions, mesh scaling, and so on, even if the problem solved in the tutorial is not of particular interest to you. 2.2. For the Experienced User If you are an experienced ANSYS Fluent user, ...
vuetable-2-tutorial-bootstrap
02-01
vuetable-2-tutorial-bootstrap 使用Bootstrap 3 CSS的Vuetable-2您可以在使用相同的教程内容，而只需在此仓库中使用代码即可。 此仓库中的代码已修改为使用Bootstrap 3 CSS而不是语义UI。建立克隆项目并使用npm或...
返回最下层的最左节点 Find Bottom Left Tree Value
weixin_34216036的博客
01-09 134
为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>> ...
This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it.
热门推荐
周不老的博客
07-09 12万+
使用京东云OSS的外链访问(自己程序拼的外链，并非是OSS服务器上给定的外链).访问报如下错误 This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below. <Error> <statusCode>403</statusCode> <Code>AccessDenied</Code&g
掌握Objective-C文本对齐：NSTextTab与NSTextTable的高级应用
2401_85342379的博客
08-15 694
NSTextTab是用于指定文本对齐方式和位置的类。通过NSTextTab，开发者可以轻松实现文本的水平和垂直对齐，以及制表位的设置。例如，使用可以设置左对齐，而location属性则定义了制表位的位置。
IOS 09 R.swift框架和使用方法
sziitjin的博客
08-18 431
R.swift框架主要是实现通过类字段访问字符串，图片，等资源；类似Android那边通过R类访问，好处是有提示，如果缺少资源，直接就是编译错误；OC类似的功能叫R.objc。
CocosCreator 3.8 IOS 热更新失败问题解决方案
最新发布
w风雨无阻w的专栏
08-22 116
CocosCreator 3.8 IOS 热更新失败问题解决方案。安卓构建的时候渲染后端选择的是 GLES2/3 不能和IOS共用。安卓构建的时候渲染后端勾选VULKAN，才能与IOS 共用。
Flutter-＞`Flutter` 通过`ffi`调用`Rust`编译生成的产物.so文件(Android)和.a文件(iOS)接口方法
<angcyo>菜鸟视角
08-19 1111
`Flutter` 通过`ffi`调用`Rust`编译生成的产物.so文件(Android)和.a文件(iOS)接口方法
http request-03-Ajax 的替代方案 axios.js 入门介绍
08-18 1084
提供了更为直观和简洁的 API，使得发起 HTTP 请求（如 GET、POST、PUT、DELETE）变得更容易理解和使用。提供了请求和响应的拦截器功能，允许在请求发送前或收到响应后进行处理。不仅在浏览器中工作良好，在 Node.js 环境中同样表现出色，因此可以在同一个代码库中统一使用。Axios 是一个基于 promise 的 HTTP 库，可以用在浏览器和 node.js 中。可以更好地兼容一些旧版本的浏览器，尤其是在处理跨域请求和响应数据时。也提供了现代浏览器的原生支持，但。
catkin_make Base path: /home/abc/tutorial_ws Source space: /home/abc/tutorial_ws/src Build space: /home/abc/tutorial_ws/build Devel space: /home/abc/tutorial_ws/devel Install space: /home/abc/tutorial_ws/install #### #### Running command: "make cmake_check_build_system" in "/home/abc/tutorial_ws/build" #### #### #### Running command: "make -j12 -l12" in "/home/abc/tutorial_ws/build" ####
07-09
这是一个用于构建ROS工作空间的catkin_make命令的输出。它显示了基本路径、源代码路径、构建路径、开发路径和安装路径。接下来，它显示了正在运行的命令，包括"cmake_check_build_system"和"make"命令。"make -j12 -l12"命令中的参数"-j12"表示使用12个线程进行并行编译，"-l12"表示限制编译的负载，以避免过度使用系统资源。这样可以加快编译过程。请问还有其他问题吗？
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值