MySQL查看字符集以及修改字符集
一、查看数据库字符集
1、进入数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
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Your MySQL connection id is 138
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
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mysql>
2、查看MySQL字符集
根据系统的不同(数据库版本也有可能),安装数据库时字符集也可能不同11
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/src/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、字符集解释
系统变量:
– character_set_client:客户端来源数据使用的字符集
– character_set_connection:连接层字符集
– character_set_database:当前选中数据库的默认字符集
– character_set_results:查询结果字符集
– character_set_filesystem:用于没有字符集导入符的文字和数字-字符串转换
– character_set_server:默认的内部操作字符集
– character_set_system:系统元数据(字段名等)字符集
– 还有以collation_开头的同上面对应的变量,用来描述字符序。
查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
mysql> show charset;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
| gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这两条命令都是一样的
mysql> show character set;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
| gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4、查看库的字符集
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| ly |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database ly\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: ly
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `ly` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ #字符集 latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database mysql\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: mysql
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `mysql` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ #字符集 latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database zabbix\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: zabbix
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `zabbix` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin */ #字符集utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5、查看表的字符集
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_ly |
+--------------+
| gw |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table gw\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: gw
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gw` (
`id` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET latin1 DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET latin1 DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`stature` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`weight` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`telephone` int(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec) #字符集 CHARSET=utf8
二、修改MySQL字符集
1、修改库的字符集
查看字符集
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| ly |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database ly\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: ly
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `ly` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
修改字符集
# 语法:alter database database_name default charset 字符集名称;
mysql> alter database ly default charset utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database ly\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: ly
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `ly` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意:修改库字符集后库里面的表不会随着库的字符集更改而更改(如果在库里创建表时不指定字符集,这个表的字符集会默认是库的字符集)
2、修改表级字符集
查看表的字符集(进入到需要修改表的库中)
mysql> show create table gw\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: gw
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gw` (
`id` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`stature` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`weight` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`telephone` int(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 #字符集 CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改表的字符集
# 语法:alter table table_name default charset 字符集名称;
mysql> alter table gw default charset utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table gw\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: gw
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gw` (
`id` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET latin1 DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET latin1 DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`stature` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`weight` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`telephone` int(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #表的字符集已修改
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、创建库或创建表时指定字符集
创建库指定字符集
#语法 create database database_name default charset 字符集;
mysql> create database 中关村 default charset utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| 中关村 |
| ly |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| ww |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database 中关村\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: 中关村
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `中关村` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建表时指定字符集
mysql>create table 档案( 编号 int(100) DEFAULT NULL, 姓名 varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,年龄 int(100) DEFAULT NULL) DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table 档案\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: 档案
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `档案` (
`编号` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`姓名` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`年龄` int(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc 档案;
+--------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| 编号 | int(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| 姓名 | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| 年龄 | int(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)