Dockerfile镜像构建实战

一、构建Apache镜像

cd /opt/
#建立工作目录
mkdir /opt/apache
cd apache/
 
vim Dockerfile
#基于的基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#维护镜像的用户信息
MAINTAINER this is apache image <cyj>
#镜像操作指令安装Apache软件
RUN yum install -y httpd
#开启80端口
EXPOSE 80
#复制网站首页文件
ADD index.html /var/www/html/
#将执行脚本复制到镜像中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod +x /run.sh
#启动时执行脚本
CMD ["/run.sh"]

##准备执行脚本
vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
rm -rf /run/httpd/* #清理httpd的缓存
/usr/sbin/apachectl -D FOREGROUND #指定为前台运行
#因为Docker容器仅在它的1号进程(PID为1) 运行时，会保持运行。如果1号进程退出了，Docker容器也就退出了。
 
//准备网站页面
echo "this is test dockerfile web" > index.html
 
//生成镜像
docker build -t httpd:centos . #注意！！！末尾的“.”不要忘记
 
//新镜像运行容器
docker run -d -p 1314:80 httpd:centos #大写P随机端口，小写P指定端口
 
//浏览器访问测试
http://192.168.226.13:1314

二、构建SSH镜像

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 
 
mkdir /opt/sshd
cd /opt/sshd
 
vim Dockerfile
#第一行必须指明基于的基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#作者信息
MAINTAINER this is ssh image <cyj>
#镜像的操作指令
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd
RUN echo '123456' | passwd --stdin root
RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config                      #不使用PAM认证
RUN sed -ri '/^session\s+required\s+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd                      #取消pam限制
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -A　　　　　　                                   #生成密钥认证文件
RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh
EXPOSE 22
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd" , "-D"]

//生成镜像
docker build -t sshd:centos .
 
//启动容器并修改root密码
docker run -d -P sshd:centos
docker ps -a
ssh localhost -p 

三、构建Systemctl镜像

mkdir /opt/systemctl
cd /opt/systemctl
 
vim Dockerfile
 
FROM sshd:centos
MAINTAINER this is systemctl image <cyj>
ENV container docker
#除了systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service，删除其它所有文件
RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/; for i in *; do [ $i == systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i; done); \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*;
VOLUME [ "/sys/fs/cgroup" ]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
 

//生成镜像
docker build -t systemd:centos .
 
//启动容器，并挂载宿主机目录挂载到容器中，和进行初始化
docker run --privileged -dit -P -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemctl:centos /sbin/init
#--privileged：使container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。
 
docker ps -a
 
//进入容器
docker exec -it 32ba87622cfa  bash
 
systemctl status sshd
 
方法二：
docker run -d -P --privileged sshd:centos /usr/sbin/init &

四、构建Nginx镜像

mkdir /opt/nginx
cd /opt/nginx/
cp /opt/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz /opt/nginx
 
vim Dockerfile
 
#基于基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#用户信息
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <cyj>
#添加环境包
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#上传nginx软件压缩包，并解压
ADD nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
#指定工作目录
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.22.0
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
#指定http和https端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf            #关闭 nginx 在后台运行
#添加宿主机中run.sh到容器中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]
#CMD ["/usr/local/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"] 

vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
 
//创建新镜像
docker build -t nginx:centos .
 
docker run -d -P nginx:centos
 
docker ps -a
 
hhttp://192.168.91.106:32771

浏览器访问

五、构建Tomcat镜像

mkdir /opt/tomcat
拷贝jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz 
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz 到/opt/tomcat下

cd /opt/tomcat

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is tomcat image <hmj>
ADD jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat
EXPOSE 8080
#CMD ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
CMD ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh","start"]

//创建新镜像
docker build -t tomcat:centos .

docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 1216:8080 tomcat:centos 
 
http://192.168.91.106:32772

六、构建Mysql镜像

mkdir /opt/mysqld
cd /opt/mysqld

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <kcy>
RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.17.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.17/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j4;make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
EXPOSE 3306
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
RUN ./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld	
systemctl enable mysqld

//创建新镜像
docker build -t mysql:centos .

//启动容器，并进行初始化
docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P --privileged mysql:centos /usr/sbin/init

//进容器给权限
[root@centos6 mysqld]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE            COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                NAMES
30d89e00c75c   mysql:lnmp       "/usr/sbin/init"          45 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds   0.0.0.0:32774->3306/tcp, :::32774->3306/tcp                             

//进入容器，授权远程连接 mysql
docker exec -it 30d89e00c75c bash

mysql -u root -p
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123';
flush privileges;

//在客户端连接mysql容器
mysql -h 192.168.91.106 -u root -P 32774 -pabc123