Swift基本概念（二）

Data Types -Dictionary

Dictionaries are a form of collection used by swift.
They have a structure of Name 《Key, Value》

let people = Dictionary<String, Int>()

Dictionaries have unique keys, and do not require an order
Dictionary keys must have the same data type
Dictionary values must have the same data type

let people = [“Rob”: 27, “Jennifer”:33, “Bill”: 14, “Erica”: 52]

Conditional Structures

Swift conditionals follow a similar pattern commonly used in other programming languages

if test == 10
{
    //do something
}

Second way

if test.isEmpty()
{
    //do something
}
else
{
      //do something
}

Switch Statements

let test = “Hello World”
switch test{
    case “Hello World”:
         print(test)
         break
    case let x where x.hasSuffix(“World”):
         print(“This string has the word ‘World’”)
         break
    default:
         print(“No match”)
         break
} 

Loops

Loops are also similar to oyher languages, allowing us to iterate over data effectively:

NO.1:

while something !=50
{
    print(something)
}

NO.2:

repeat
{
    print(something)
}while something != 50

NO.3:

for index in 1…5 {
    print(index)
}

NO.4:

for index in list{
    print(index)
}

Functions

While Swift does support Object-oriented programming, unlike languages such as Java, it is not exclusively an Object-oriented language.
– For example, we can write functions outside of classes!

An example of a simple Swift function which does not return any values or have any parameters declared:

func simpleFunction()
{
    print(“Hello World!”)
}
//Invoking the function
simpleFunction()

Function with parameter and return value: Parameters must have local name and type specified!

func doSomethingWithThisNumber(number: Int) -> Int{
    return number + 5
}
var number = doSomethingWithThisNumber(10)

Function with multiple return values:(Actually return a tuple)

func doSomethingWithThisNumber(number: Int) ->(min: Int, max: Int){
    var maxNumber = 0 + number 
    return (0, maxNumber)
}
let number = doSomethingWithThisNumber(10)
print(“min is \(number.min) and max is \(number.max)”)

• All functions in Swift have a type which is a combination of their parameters
  and return types
• This allows us to declare a variable that defines a function

• This can be useful in passing functionality as a variable

  – E.g. Imagine a sort function where you could pass a list and a reference to a
  comparator function

Function - Types:Example

func addNumbers(num1: Double, number2: Double) -> Double{
    return num1 + num2
}

func calculateMagnitude(num1: Double, num2: Double) -> Double{
    let tempNum = (num1 *num1) + (num2 * num2)
    return tempNum.squareRoot()
}

let functionVariable : (Double, Double) -> Double = addNumbers
let value = functionVariable(3,1)