传统JDBC编程
一个JDBC的例子:
public Student getOne(int id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Student student = null;
// 声明 JDBC 变量
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
// 注册驱动程序
Class.forName("com.myql.jdbc.Driver");
// 获取连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc://mysql://localhost:" +
"3306/student", "root", "root");
// 预编译SQL
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
// 设置参数
ps.setInt(1, id);
// 执行SQL
rs = ps.executeQuery();
// 组装结果集返回 POJO
if (rs.next()) {
student = new Student();
student.setId(rs.getInt(1));
student.setName(rs.getString(1));
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接资源
try {
if (rs != null && !rs.isClosed()) {
rs.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (ps != null && !ps.isClosed()) {
ps.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (con != null && con.isClosed()) {
con.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return student;
}
可以看到,使用JDBC代码繁杂且冗长,重复代码太多,让人头大。关键代码其实只有ps = con.prepareStatement(sql)
这一句。而且有很多模板化的代码。
优化传统的JDBC
//在DBUtil类中:
public static ResultSet getResultSet(String sql, Object[] objects) throws SQLException {
ResultSet rs = null;
try (Connection con = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql)) {
// 根据传递进来的参数,设置 SQL 占位符的值
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, objects[i]);
}
// 执行 SQL 语句并接受结果集
rs = ps.executeQuery();
}
// 返回结果集
return rs;
}
//优化后的代码:
public Student getOne(int id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Object[] objects = {id};
Student student = null;
try (ResultSet rs = DBUtil.getResultSet(sql, objects);) {
student.setId(rs.getInt(1));
student.setName(rs.getString(1));
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 处理异常
e.printStackTrace();
}
return student;
}
Spring 中的 JDBC
要想使用Spring中的JDBC模块,就必须引入相应的jar文件:
- spring-jdbc-4.3.16.RELEASE.jar
- spring-tx-4.3.16.RELEASE.jar
- 配置数据库资源
配置方式:【使用简单数据库配置】、【使用第三方数据库连接池】
- 使用Spring内置的类配置
我们可以使用Spring内置的类来配置,但大部分时候我们都会使用第三方数据库连接池来进行配置。由于使用第三方的类,一般采用XML文件配置的方式,这里也采用XML文件配置:
Spring的内置类org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource
:
<bean id="dateSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc://mysql://locolhost:3306/student"/>
</bean>
写JDBC操作类:
package jdbc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import pojo.Student;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
@Component("jdbc")
public class JDBCtest {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
public Student getOne(int stuID) throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT id, name FROM student WHERE id = " + stuID;
Student student = new Student();
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
Statement st = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
if (rs.next()) {
student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
}
return student;
}
}
写测试类:
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
JDBCtest jdbc = (JDBCtest) context.getBean("jdbc");
Student student = jdbc.getOne(123456789);
System.out.println(student.getId());
System.out.println(student.getName());
运行可以看到结果。
- 使用第三方数据库连接池
比如使用C3P0数据库连接池:(需要引入C3P0数据库连接池的jar包)<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///hib_demo"></property> <property name="user" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="10"></property> <property name="maxStatements" value="100"></property> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="2"></property> </bean>
- JdbcTemplate
Spring提供了一个 Jdbc Template 类,它自己已经封装了一个 DataSource 类型的变量,我们可以直接使用:
- JdbcTemplate
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="dataSrouce" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student"/>
</bean>
<context:component-scan base-package="jdbc" />
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSrouce"/>
</bean>
</beans>
package jdbc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import pojo.Student;
import java.sql.*;
@Component("jdbc")
public class JDBCtest {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public Student getOne(int stuID) throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT id, name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Student student = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
return stu;
}
}, 123456789);
return student;
}
}
测试类不变,运行可以获得正确的结果。
其他CRUD的例子:
/**
* 增加一条数据
*
* @param student
*/
public void add(Student student) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO student(id,name) VALUES(?,?)",
student.getId(), student.getName());
}
/**
* 更新一条数据
*
* @param student
*/
public void update(Student student) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE student SET name = ? WHERE id = ?",
student.getName(), student.getId());
}
/**
* 删除一条数据
*
* @param id
*/
public void delete(int id) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM student WHERE id = ?",
id);
}