传统JDBC回顾
首先我们来回顾一下传统的JDBC,怎么连接数据库的,往往我们要写很多的重复模板代码:
public Student getOne(int id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Student student = null;
// 声明 JDBC 变量
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
// 注册驱动程序
Class.forName("com.myql.jdbc.Driver");
// 获取连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc://mysql://localhost:" +
"3306/student", "root", "root");
// 预编译SQL
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
// 设置参数
ps.setInt(1, id);
// 执行SQL
rs = ps.executeQuery();
// 组装结果集返回 POJO
if (rs.next()) {
student = new Student();
student.setId(rs.getInt(1));
student.setName(rs.getString(1));
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接资源
try {
if (rs != null && !rs.isClosed()) {
rs.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (ps != null && !ps.isClosed()) {
ps.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (con != null && con.isClosed()) {
con.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return student;
}
【优化传统的JDBC】
第一步:创建DBUtil类,将重复的模板代码提出来,创建一个数据库工具类
package util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class DBUtil {
static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
static int port = 3306;
static String database = "student";
static String encoding = "UTF-8";
static String loginName = "root";
static String password = "root";
static {
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
String url = String.format("jdbc:mysql://%s:%d/%s?characterEncoding=%s", ip, port, database, encoding);
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, loginName, password);
}
}
然后就可以把之前的代码变成这样:
public Student getOne(int id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Student student = null;
// 声明 JDBC 变量
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
// 获取连接
con = DBUtil.getConnection();
// 预编译SQL
ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
// 设置参数
ps.setInt(1, id);
// 执行SQL
rs = ps.executeQuery();
// 组装结果集返回 POJO
....
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接资源
....
}
return student;
}
第二步:使用try-catch语句自动关闭资源(自动关闭资源JDK7中引入的特性)
于是代码就可以优化成这样了:
public Student getOne(int id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Student student = null;
// 将 JDBC 声明变量包含在 try(..) 里将自动关闭资源
try (Connection con = DBUtil.getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql)) {
// 设置参数
ps.setInt(1, id);
// 执行SQL
ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
// 组装结果集返回 POJO
if (rs.next()) {
student = new Student();
student.setId(rs.getInt(1));
student.setName(rs.getString(1));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return student;
}
还可以在改进一下,在DBUtil中新增一个方法,用来直接返回结果集:
public static ResultSet getResultSet(String sql, Object[] objects) throws SQLException {
ResultSet rs = null;
try (Connection con = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql)) {
// 根据传递进来的参数,设置 SQL 占位符的值
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, objects[i]);
}
// 执行 SQL 语句并接受结果集
rs = ps.executeQuery();
}
// 返回结果集
return rs;
}
这样最初的代码就可以优化成这样了:
public Student getOne(int id) {
String sql = "SELECT id,name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Object[] objects = {id};
Student student = null;
try (ResultSet rs = DBUtil.getResultSet(sql, objects);) {
student.setId(rs.getInt(1));
student.setName(rs.getString(1));
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 处理异常
e.printStackTrace();
}
return student;
}
Spring中的JDBC
要想使用Spring中的JDBC模块,就必须引入相应的jar文件:
- spring-jdbc-4.3.16.RELEASE.jar
- spring-tx-4.3.16.RELEASE.jar
配置数据库资源的两种方式:
- 使用简单数据库配置
- 使用第三方数据库连接池
1》【使用简单数据库配置】
使用Spring的内置类:org.springframework.jdbc,datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource;
<bean id="dateSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc://mysql://locolhost:3306/student"/>
</bean>
我们来测试一下,JDBC操作类如下:
package jdbc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import pojo.Student;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
@Component("jdbc")
public class JDBCtest {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
public Student getOne(int stuID) throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT id, name FROM student WHERE id = " + stuID;
Student student = new Student();
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
Statement st = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
if (rs.next()) {
student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
}
return student;
}
}
然后编写测试类:
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
JDBCtest jdbc = (JDBCtest) context.getBean("jdbc");
Student student = jdbc.getOne(1);
System.out.println(student.getId());
System.out.println(student.getName());
2》【使用第三方数据库连接池】
我们举例使用C3P0数据库连接池:
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///hib_demo"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="10"></property>
<property name="maxStatements" value="100"></property>
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="2"></property>
</bean>
3》【Jdbc Template】
Spring提供了一个Jdbc Template类,他自己已经封装了一个DataSource类型的变量,我们可以直接使用:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="dataSrouce" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student"/>
</bean>
<context:component-scan base-package="jdbc" />
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSrouce"/>
</bean>
</beans>
我们来改写一下JDBC操作的类:
package jdbc;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import pojo.Student;
import java.sql.*;
@Component("jdbc")
public class JDBCtest {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public Student getOne(int stuID) throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT id, name FROM student WHERE id = ?";
Student student = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
return stu;
}
}, 123456789);
return student;
}
}
再来看看其他CRUD的例子:
/**
* 增加一条数据
*
* @param student
*/
public void add(Student student) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO student(id,name) VALUES(?,?)",
student.getId(), student.getName());
}
/**
* 更新一条数据
*
* @param student
*/
public void update(Student student) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE student SET name = ? WHERE id = ?",
student.getName(), student.getId());
}
/**
* 删除一条数据
*
* @param id
*/
public void delete(int id) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM student WHERE id = ?",
id);
}
转载链接:我没有三个心脏