LinkedList源码分析

public class LinkedList<E>
    extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
    implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable

源码版本为JDK1.7.0_75.

LinkedList继承了类AbstractSequentialList的双向链表，可以被当作堆栈、队列或双端队列进行操作。

LinkedList实现了List接口，可被当作队列操作；实现了Deque接口，可被当作双端队列操作；实现了Cloneable接口，说明可被克隆；实现了java.io.Serializable接口，说明它支持序列化。LinkedList是非同步的。

 

在网上找到的LinkedList源码分析好像大部分都是JDK1.6，其LinkedList使用的是循环双向链表，只有一个header，header结点不保存数据，而1.7版本改成非循环双向链表，分别使用first和last指向队首、队尾，这样对于在队首、队尾添加或删除等操作都只要O(1)的时间。

 

成员变量

    transient int size = 0;
 
    /**
* 指向头部的指针
     * Pointer to first node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> first;
 
    /**
* 指向尾部的指针
     * Pointer to last node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (last.next == null && last.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> last;

其中，Node类为LinkedList内部静态类

    private static class Node<E> {
        E item;
        Node<E> next;
        Node<E> prev;
 
        Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
            this.item = element;
            this.next = next;
            this.prev = prev;
        }
    }

构造函数

一个是构造空队列；另一个是将Collection集合数据添加到队列中。

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list.
     */
    public LinkedList() {
    }
 
    /**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     *
     * @param  c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this();
        addAll(c);
    }

方法：

linkFirst、linkLast、linkBefore、unLinkBefore、unLinkLast、unLink这些方法主要是为add、remove等public方法服务。

  /**
* 将元素e添加到头部，首先创建节点保存元素e，然后将该节点的next指向first，若first不为空，则将first的prev指向该节点；若first为空，则修改last指向该节点。
     * Links e as first element.
     */
    private void linkFirst(E e) {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);
        first = newNode;
        if (f == null)
            last = newNode;
        else
            f.prev = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }
 
    /**
* 将元素e插入到尾部。首先创建节点保存元素e，若last不为空，则将该节点的prev指向last，否则修改first指向该节点。
     * Links e as last element.
     */
    void linkLast(E e) {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
        last = newNode;
        if (l == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            l.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }
 
    /**
* 将元素e插入到非空节点succ之前。
     * Inserts element e before non-null Node succ.
     */
    void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
        // assert succ != null;
        final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
        succ.prev = newNode;
        if (pred == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            pred.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }
 
    /**
* 删除非空头节点f。修改first，注意要将头节点的成员变量都设置为null，使得该节点被GC回收
     * Unlinks non-null first node f.
     */
    private E unlinkFirst(Node<E> f) {
        // assert f == first && f != null;
        final E element = f.item;
        final Node<E> next = f.next;
        f.item = null;
        f.next = null; // help GC
        first = next;
        if (next == null)
            last = null;
        else
            next.prev = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }
 
    /**
* 删除最后一个非空节点。修改last。
     * Unlinks non-null last node l.
     */
    private E unlinkLast(Node<E> l) {
        // assert l == last && l != null;
        final E element = l.item;
        final Node<E> prev = l.prev;
        l.item = null;
        l.prev = null; // help GC
        last = prev;
        if (prev == null)
            first = null;
        else
            prev.next = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }
 
    /**
*  删除链表中非空节点x。
     * Unlinks non-null node x.
     */
    E unlink(Node<E> x) {
        // assert x != null;
        final E element = x.item;
        final Node<E> next = x.next;
        final Node<E> prev = x.prev;
 
        if (prev == null) {
            first = next;
        } else {
            prev.next = next;
            x.prev = null;
        }
 
        if (next == null) {
            last = prev;
        } else {
            next.prev = prev;
            x.next = null;
        }
 
        x.item = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }

//  Positional Access Operation 位置访问操作

根据下表index查找并返回结点，方法get、set、add、remove主要利用该方法实现。它根据index是否大于size/2来确定是从头遍历还是从尾遍历。

   /**
     * Returns the (non-null) Node at the specified element index.
     */
    Node<E> node(int index) {
        // assert isElementIndex(index);
 
        if (index < (size >> 1)) {
            Node<E> x = first;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                x = x.next;
            return x;
        } else {
            Node<E> x = last;
            for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
                x = x.prev;
            return x;
        }
    }

//  Search Operations 搜索操作

indexOf和lastIndexOf也是遍历链表查找。

 

// Queue Operations 队列操作

<strong>  </strong> /**
* 返回队首元素，但不删除队首，若不存在，返回null
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head (first element) of this list.
     *
     * @return the head of this list, or {@code null} if this list is empty
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public E peek() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
    }
 
    /**
* 返回队首元素，但不删除，若不存在，抛出异常
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head (first element) of this list.
     *
     * @return the head of this list
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public E element() {
        return getFirst();
    }
 
    /**
* 返回并删除队首元素，若为空，返回null
     * Retrieves and removes the head (first element) of this list.
     *
     * @return the head of this list, or {@code null} if this list is empty
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public E poll() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
    }
 
    /**
* 返回并删除队首元素，若为空，抛出异常
     * Retrieves and removes the head (first element) of this list.
     *
     * @return the head of this list
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public E remove() {
        return removeFirst();
    }
 
    /**
* 将特定元素添加到队尾
     * Adds the specified element as the tail (last element) of this list.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean offer(E e) {
        return add(e);
    }

// Deque operations 双端队列操作

 

    /**
*  将特定元素插入到队首
     * Inserts the specified element at the front of this list.
     *
     * @param e the element to insert
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerFirst})
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
        return true;
    }
 
    /**
*  将特定元素插入到队尾
     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e the element to insert
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerLast})
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean offerLast(E e) {
        addLast(e);
        return true;
    }
 
    /**
* 返回但不删除队列第一个元素，若为空，则返回null
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the first element of this list, or {@code null}
     *         if this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E peekFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
     }
 
    /**
* 返回但不删除队列最后一个元素，若为空，则返回null
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the last element of this list, or {@code null}
     *         if this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E peekLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        return (l == null) ? null : l.item;
    }
 
    /**
* 返回并删除队列第一个元素，若为空，则返回null
     * Retrieves and removes the first element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the first element of this list, or {@code null} if
     *     this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E pollFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
    }
 
    /**
* 返回并删除队列最后一个元素，若为空，则返回null
     * Retrieves and removes the last element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the last element of this list, or {@code null} if
     *     this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E pollLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        return (l == null) ? null : unlinkLast(l);
    }
 
    /**
     * Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this list.  In other
     * words, inserts the element at the front of this list.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.
     *
     * @param e the element to push
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public void push(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
    }
 
    /**
     * Pops an element from the stack represented by this list.  In other
     * words, removes and returns the first element of this list.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
     *
     * @return the element at the front of this list (which is the top
     *         of the stack represented by this list)
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E pop() {
        return removeFirst();
    }
 
    /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element in this
     * list (when traversing the list from head to tail).  If the list
     * does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return {@code true} if the list contained the specified element
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) {
        return remove(o);
    }
 
    /**
     * Removes the last occurrence of the specified element in this
     * list (when traversing the list from head to tail).  If the list
     * does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return {@code true} if the list contained the specified element
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                if (x.item == null) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

clone方法首先调用superClone方法（该方法调用父类clone方法）得到链表，然后遍历原始链表将节点添加新链表中。该方法属于浅拷贝。

 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private LinkedList<E> superClone() {
        try {
            return (LinkedList<E>) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new InternalError();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns a shallow copy of this {@code LinkedList}. (The elements
     * themselves are not cloned.)
     *
     * @return a shallow copy of this {@code LinkedList} instance
     */
    public Object clone() {
        LinkedList<E> clone = superClone();
 
        // Put clone into "virgin" state
        clone.first = clone.last = null;
        clone.size = 0;
        clone.modCount = 0;
 
        // Initialize clone with our elements
        for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
            clone.add(x.item);
 
        return clone;
    }

参考：

http://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3948610.html