javaweb基本组件之filter的使用

1、filter在web容器中的作用主要有以下这些：
①对用户抛过来的请求进行字符编码上的转换，及为对用户的响应对象填充公用的头信息；
②验证用户的身份是否已经是登录状态和访问权限的控制；
③其它一些想在用户访问之前做的操作

2、使用实例，为请求内容指定编码
①编写自己的filter类EncodingFilter

package com.demo.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

public class EncodingFilter implements Filter{

     protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;   
     protected String encoding = "";   

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         ((HttpServletRequest) request).setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
         ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
         ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
         ((HttpServletResponse) response).setDateHeader ("Expires", -1);
         ((HttpServletResponse) response).setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
         chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.filterConfig = filterConfig;   
        this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");   
    }

}

EncodingFilter类主要实现了Filter接口，实现了destroy, doFilter, init等filter接口中的方法，init方法在web容器加载filter时执行一次，destory在web容器关闭时被调用释放占用的资源，对于每个请求，都会调用一次doFilter过滤方法

②装配到容器当中去

<filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.demo.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

这样在每次请求过来的时候就可以将请求的内容转换为utf-8的编码了，并且设置响应中内容为不缓存