概述:
SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能。
过滤器与拦截器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用。
过滤器
-
servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用\
-
在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
拦截器
- 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
- 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的
自定义拦截器
新建一个工程,添加web项目支持
在resources文件目录下创建spring配置容器文件(applicationContext.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="priv.xsq.controller"/>
<!--静态资源过滤-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--JSON乱码问题配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
web.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>spring filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>spring filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
创建一个controller类:
@RestController
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/t1")
public String test(){
System.out.println("TestController==>test()执行了");
return "OK";
}
}
创建一个config包,包下创建一个拦截器类,继承HandInterceptor类,然而这里的方法不是和我们的过滤器一样强制重写的,可以为空,但是我们自定义的话就需要进行重写
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//return true:执行下一个拦截器,放行
//return true:不执行下一个拦截器
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("==========执行前===========");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("===========执行后===========");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("===========清理=============");
}
}
运行结果:
执行前=
TestController==>test()执行了
=执行后=
=清理===
运行页面:
使用拦截器进行登录判断验证
首先进入我们的跳转页面
<h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goLogin">登录页面</a></h1>
<h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/main">首页</a></h1>
创建我们的登录页面(login.jsp)
<h1>登录页面</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"><input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
创建我们的控制类
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {
//首页
@RequestMapping("/main")
public String main(){
return "main";
}
//去登录页
@RequestMapping("/goLogin")
public String goLogin(){
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(HttpSession httpSession,String username, String password){
//将我们的值传入到session当中
httpSession.setAttribute("username",username);
return "main";
}
@RequestMapping("/goOut")
public String goOut(HttpSession session){
session.removeAttribute("username");
return "main";
}
}
main.jsp
欢迎您:
<%=session.getAttribute("username")%>
<h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">
注销
</a>
</h3>
创建一个拦截器类,继承HandlerInterceptor
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if (request.getRequestURI().contains("goLogin")){
return true;
}
//登录页面也放行
if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
return true;
}
//session中有值也放行
if (session.getAttribute("username")!=null){
return true;
}
//都不满足,回去重新登录
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
return false;
}
}
在spring容器中配置我们的拦截器
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--包括这个请求下面的所有的请求-->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
<bean class="priv.xsq.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>