Linux下MySQL数据库安装及配置方法

该博客用于Linux系统第一次安装MySQL软件。
环境介绍：
Linux系统版本：CentOS 7.3 64位
安装版本：mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
MySQL安装位置：/software/mysql
数据库文件数据位置：/data/mysql
(文章中 >mysql 是mysql命令，其余为Linux命令)
源文件下载途径：
官网下载链接：
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
安装步骤：
1、在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件/data/mysql

mkdir /software/
mkdir /data/mysql

2、上传mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz文件到/software下并解压

cd /software
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3、更改解压缩后的文件夹名称(为了操作更简洁、更方便)

mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /software/mysql

4、创建mysql用户组和mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5、关联myql用户到mysql用户组中

chown -R mysql:mysql  /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql  /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql  /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql  /data/mysql

6、更改mysql安装文件夹的mysql/权限

chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/

7、初始化mysql命令

cd /software/mysql/bin
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize

在执行上面命令时特别要注意一行内容

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
root@localhost:

后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码，每个人安装时生成的临时密码不一样
如果初始化时报错如下：

error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec

是因为libnuma安装的是32位，我们这里需要安装64位，执行下面语句就可以解决

yum install numactl.x86_64

执行完后重新初始化mysql
8、启动mysql服务

sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的，因为没有修改mysql的配置文件，报错内容大致如下：

./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

9、修改mysql配置文件

vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

修改前

if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

修改后

if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/software/mysql
bindir=/software/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/data/mysql
fi
sbindir=/software/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/software/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

保存退出

cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

10、修改my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件内容

[client]
no-beep
socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir=/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
#skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
server-id=1
max_connections=2000
query_cache_size=0
table_open_cache=2000
tmp_table_size=246M
thread_cache_size=300
thread_stack = 192k
key_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
back_log=80
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=1024M
max_connect_errors=2000
open_files_limit=4161
query_cache_type=0
sort_buffer_size=32M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

保存退出
11、启动mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

新版本的安装包会报错，错误内容如下：

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).

因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。

解决办法：
方法1、建立软连接
例 ：

cd /usr/local/mysql
ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld

方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件

vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

将文件内所有的

/usr/local/mysq

改为

/software/mysql

保存退出。
12、登录mysql

/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

13、输入临时密码，临时密码就是第8条root@localhost:后面的内容

14、修改mysql的登录密码

>mysql   set password=password('root');
>mysql  grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';
>mysql flush privileges;

15、完成，此时mysql的登录名root 登录密码root

注：如果自身centos系统没有安装libaio依赖包可以使用以下命令安装：

yum install libaio

安装结束!