Python编程:从入门到实践(第2版)第九章课后题_根据user类创建一个实例,再调用-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Y_main/article/details/137753719

第九章

9.1

练习9-1：餐馆 　创建一个名为Restaurant 的类，为其方法__init__() 设置属性restaurant_name 和cuisine_type 。创建一个名为 describe_restaurant() 的方法和一个名为open_restaurant() 的方法，前者打印前述两项信息，而后者打印一条消息，指出餐馆正在营业。根据这个类创建一个名为restaurant 的实例，分别打印其两个属性，再调用前述两个方法。

class Restaurant:
    """A simple restaurant class."""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """Initialize restaurant attributes."""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """Print restaurant information."""
        print(f"Restaurant name: {self.restaurant_name}")
        print(f"Cuisine type: {self.cuisine_type}")
    
    def open_restaurant(self):
        """Print a message indicating the restaurant is open."""
        print(f"{self.restaurant_name} is now open!")

# Exercise 9-1
restaurant = Restaurant("Ristorante Italiano", "Italian")
print(f"Restaurant name: {restaurant.restaurant_name}")
print(f"Cuisine type: {restaurant.cuisine_type}")
restaurant.describe_restaurant()
restaurant.open_restaurant()

练习9-2：三家餐馆 　根据为完成练习9-1而编写的类创建三个实例，并对每个实例调用方法describe_restaurant() 。

class Restaurant:
    """A simple restaurant class."""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """Initialize restaurant attributes."""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """Print restaurant information."""
        print(f"Restaurant name: {self.restaurant_name}")
        print(f"Cuisine type: {self.cuisine_type}")
    
    def open_restaurant(self):
        """Print a message indicating the restaurant is open."""
        print(f"{self.restaurant_name} is now open!")

# Exercise 9-2
restaurant1 = Restaurant("Taco Bell", "Mexican")
restaurant2 = Restaurant("McDonald's", "Fast Food")
restaurant3 = Restaurant("Pizza Hut", "Pizza")

restaurant1.describe_restaurant()
restaurant2.describe_restaurant()
restaurant3.describe_restaurant()

练习9-3：用户 　创建一个名为User 的类，其中包含属性first_name 和 last_name ，以及用户简介通常会存储的其他几个属性。在类User 中定义一个名为describe_user() 的方法，用于打印用户信息摘要。再定义一个名为 greet_user() 的方法，用于向用户发出个性化的问候。创建多个表示不同用户的实例，并对每个实例调用上述两个方法。

class User:
    """A simple user class."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
        """Initialize user attributes."""
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.email = email
    
    def describe_user(self):
        """Print user information summary."""
        print(f"First name: {self.first_name.title()}")
        print(f"Last name: {self.last_name.title()}")
        print(f"Age: {self.age}")
        print(f"Email: {self.email}")
    
    def greet_user(self):
        """Print a personalized greeting to the user."""
        print(f"Hello, {self.first_name.title()}!")

# Exercise 9-3
user1 = User("John", "Doe", 30, "john@example.com")
user2 = User("Alice", "Smith", 25, "alice@example.com")
user3 = User("Bob", "Johnson", 40, "bob@example.com")

user1.describe_user()
user1.greet_user()

user2.describe_user()
user2.greet_user()

user3.describe_user()
user3.greet_user()

9.2

练习9-4：就餐人数 　在为完成练习9-1而编写的程序中，添加一个名为 number_served 的属性，并将其默认值设置为0。根据这个类创建一个名为 restaurant 的实例。打印有多少人在这家餐馆就餐过，然后修改这个值并再次打印它。添加一个名为set_number_served() 的方法，让你能够设置就餐人数。调用这个方法并向它传递一个值，然后再次打印这个值。添加一个名为increment_number_served() 的方法，让你能够将就餐人数递增。调用这个方法并向它传递一个这样的值：你认为这家餐馆每天可能接待的就餐人数。

class Restaurant:
    """A simple restaurant class."""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """Initialize restaurant attributes."""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """Print restaurant information."""
        print(f"Restaurant name: {self.restaurant_name}")
        print(f"Cuisine type: {self.cuisine_type}")
    
    def open_restaurant(self):
        """Print a message indicating the restaurant is open."""
        print(f"{self.restaurant_name} is now open!")
    
    def set_number_served(self, number_served):
        """Set the number of customers served."""
        self.number_served = number_served
    
    def increment_number_served(self, increment):
        """Increment the number of customers served."""
        self.number_served += increment

# Exercise 9-4
restaurant = Restaurant("Ristorante Italiano", "Italian")
print(f"Number of customers served: {restaurant.number_served}")
restaurant.number_served = 100
print(f"Number of customers served: {restaurant.number_served}")
restaurant.set_number_served(150)
print(f"Number of customers served: {restaurant.number_served}")
restaurant.increment_number_served(50)
print(f"Number of customers served: {restaurant.number_served}")

练习9-5：尝试登录次数 　在为完成练习9-3而编写的User 类中，添加一个名为login_attempts 的属性。编写一个名为 increment_login_attempts() 的方法，将属性login_attempts 的值加1。再编写一个名为reset_login_attempts() 的方法，将属性 login_attempts 的值重置为0。根据User 类创建一个实例，再调用方法increment_login_attempts() 多次。打印属性login_attempts 的值，确认它被正确地递增。然后，调用方法reset_login_attempts() ，并再次打印属性login_attempts 的值，确认它被重置为0。

class User:
    """A simple user class."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
        """Initialize user attributes."""
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.email = email
        self.login_attempts = 0
    
    def describe_user(self):
        """Print user information summary."""
        print(f"First name: {self.first_name.title()}")
        print(f"Last name: {self.last_name.title()}")
        print(f"Age: {self.age}")
        print(f"Email: {self.email}")
    
    def greet_user(self):
        """Print a personalized greeting to the user."""
        print(f"Hello, {self.first_name.title()}!")
    
    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        """Increment login attempts by 1."""
        self.login_attempts += 1
    
    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        """Reset login attempts to 0."""
        self.login_attempts = 0

# Exercise 9-5
user = User("John", "Doe", 30, "john@example.com")
user.increment_login_attempts()
user.increment_login_attempts()
user.increment_login_attempts()
print(f"Login attempts: {user.login_attempts}")
user.reset_login_attempts()
print(f"Login attempts after reset: {user.login_attempts}")

9.3

练习9-6：冰激凌小店 　冰激凌小店是一种特殊的餐馆。编写一个名为 IceCreamStand 的类，让它继承为完成练习9-1或练习9-4而编写的 Restaurant 类。这两个版本的Restaurant 类都可以，挑选你更喜欢的那个即可。添加一个名为flavors 的属性，用于存储一个由各种口味的冰激凌组成的列表。编写一个显示这些冰激凌的方法。创建一个IceCreamStand 实例，并调用这个方法。

class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    """A class representing an ice cream stand, inheriting from Restaurant."""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """Initialize attributes of the parent class."""
        super().__init__(restaurant_name, cuisine_type)
        self.flavors = []
    
    def display_flavors(self):
        """Print a list of available ice cream flavors."""
        print("Available ice cream flavors:")
        for flavor in self.flavors:
            print(f"- {flavor}")

# Exercise 9-6
ice_cream_stand = IceCreamStand("Scoops Ahoy", "Ice Cream")
ice_cream_stand.flavors = ["Vanilla", "Chocolate", "Strawberry"]
ice_cream_stand.describe_restaurant()
ice_cream_stand.display_flavors()

练习9-7：管理员 　管理员是一种特殊的用户。编写一个名为Admin 的类，让它继承为完成练习9-3或练习9-5而编写的User 类。添加一个名为 privileges 的属性，用于存储一个由字符串（如"can add post" 、"can delete post" 、"can ban user" 等）组成的列表。编写一个名为 show_privileges() 的方法，显示管理员的权限。创建一个Admin 实例，并调用这个方法。

class Admin(User):
    """A class representing an administrator, inheriting from User."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
        """Initialize attributes of the parent class."""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, email)
        self.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        """Display the administrator's privileges."""
        print("Administrator privileges:")
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print(f"- {privilege}")

# Exercise 9-7
admin = Admin("Admin", "User", 40, "admin@example.com")
admin.describe_user()
admin.show_privileges()

练习9-8：权限 　编写一个名为Privileges 的类，它只有一个属性 privileges ，其中存储了练习9-7所述的字符串列表。将方法 show_privileges() 移到这个类中。在Admin 类中，将一个Privileges 实例用作其属性。创建一个Admin 实例，并使用方法show_privileges() 来显示其权限。

class Privileges:
    """A class representing privileges."""
    
    def __init__(self):
        """Initialize the privileges list."""
        self.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        """Display the list of privileges."""
        print("Administrator privileges:")
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print(f"- {privilege}")

class Admin(User):
    """A class representing an administrator, inheriting from User."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
        """Initialize attributes of the parent class."""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, email)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

# Exercise 9-8
admin = Admin("Admin", "User", 40, "admin@example.com")
admin.describe_user()
admin.privileges.show_privileges()

练习9-9：电瓶升级 　在本节最后一个electric_car.py版本中，给Battery 类添加一个名为upgrade_battery() 的方法。该方法检查电瓶容量，如果不是100，就将其设置为100。创建一辆电瓶容量为默认值的电动汽车，调用方法 get_range() ，然后对电瓶进行升级，并再次调用get_range() 。你将看到这辆汽车的续航里程增加了

class Battery:
    """A simple attempt to model a battery for an electric car."""
    
    def __init__(self, battery_size=75):
        """Initialize the battery's attributes."""
        self.battery_size = battery_size
    
    def describe_battery(self):
        """Print a statement describing the battery size."""
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-kWh battery.")
    
    def get_range(self):
        """Print a statement about the range this battery provides."""
        if self.battery_size == 75:
            range = 260
        elif self.battery_size == 100:
            range = 315
        print(f"This car can go approximately {range} miles on a full charge.")
    
    def upgrade_battery(self):
        """Upgrade the battery capacity to 100 kWh if it's not already."""
        if self.battery_size != 100:
            self.battery_size = 100

class ElectricCar(Car):
    """A simple model of an electric car."""
    
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """Initialize attributes of the parent class."""
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery()

# Exercise 9-9
my_car = ElectricCar("Tesla", "Model S", 2023)
my_car.battery.get_range()
print("Upgrading battery...")
my_car.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_car.battery.get_range()

9.4

练习9-10：导入 Restaurant 类 　将最新的Restaurant 类存储在一个模块中。在另一个文件中，导入Restaurant 类，创建一个Restaurant 实例并调用Restaurant 的一个方法，以确认import 语句正确无误。

# 练习9-10：导入Restaurant类

# restaurant.py
class Restaurant:
    """A class representing a restaurant."""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """Initialize the restaurant with a name and cuisine type."""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """Print information about the restaurant."""
        print(f"Restaurant Name: {self.restaurant_name}")
        print(f"Cuisine Type: {self.cuisine_type}")
    
    def open_restaurant(self):
        """Print a message indicating the restaurant is open."""
        print(f"{self.restaurant_name} is now open!")

# 练习9-10：导入Restaurant类

# main.py
from restaurant import Restaurant

# Create an instance of the Restaurant class
restaurant = Restaurant("The Great Burger", "Burgers")

# Call a method of the Restaurant class
restaurant.describe_restaurant()
restaurant.open_restaurant()

练习9-11：导入 Admin 类 　以为完成练习9-8而做的工作为基础。将User 类、Privileges 类和Admin 类存储在一个模块中，再创建一个文件，在其中创建一个Admin 实例并对其调用方法show_privileges() ，以确认一切都能正确运行。

# 练习9-11：导入Admin类

# user.py
class User:
    """A class representing a user."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """Initialize the user with first and last names."""
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
    
    def describe_user(self):
        """Print information about the user."""
        print(f"User: {self.first_name} {self.last_name}")
    
    def greet_user(self):
        """Print a personalized greeting for the user."""
        print(f"Hello, {self.first_name}!")

# 练习9-11：导入Admin类

# admin.py
from user import User

class Privileges:
    """A class representing privileges."""
    
    def __init__(self, privileges=[]):
        """Initialize the privileges."""
        self.privileges = privileges
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        """Show the privileges."""
        if self.privileges:
            print("Privileges:")
            for privilege in self.privileges:
                print(f"- {privilege}")
        else:
            print("This user has no privileges.")

class Admin(User):
    """A class representing an admin user."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """Initialize the admin user."""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

# 练习9-11：导入Admin类

# main.py
from admin import Admin

# Create an instance of the Admin class
admin = Admin("John", "Doe")

# Add privileges to the admin
admin.privileges.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]

# Call the show_privileges method of the Admin class
admin.privileges.show_privileges()

练习9-12：多个模块 　将User 类存储在一个模块中，并将Privileges 类和Admin 类存储在另一个模块中。再创建一个文件，在其中创建一个Admin 实例并对其调用方法show_privileges() ，以确认一切依然能够正确运行。

# 练习9-12：多个模块

# user.py
class User:
    """A class representing a user."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """Initialize the user with first and last names."""
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
    
    def describe_user(self):
        """Print information about the user."""
        print(f"User: {self.first_name} {self.last_name}")
    
    def greet_user(self):
        """Print a personalized greeting for the user."""
        print(f"Hello, {self.first_name}!")

# 练习9-12：多个模块

# privileges.py
class Privileges:
    """A class representing privileges."""
    
    def __init__(self, privileges=[]):
        """Initialize the privileges."""
        self.privileges = privileges
    
    def show_privileges(self):
        """Show the privileges."""
        if self.privileges:
            print("Privileges:")
            for privilege in self.privileges:
                print(f"- {privilege}")
        else:
            print("This user has no privileges.")

# 练习9-12：多个模块

# admin.py
from user import User
from privileges import Privileges

class Admin(User):
    """A class representing an admin user."""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """Initialize the admin user."""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

# 练习9-12：多个模块

# main.py
from admin import Admin

# Create an instance of the Admin class
admin = Admin("Jane", "Doe")

# Add privileges to the admin
admin.privileges.privileges = ["can add post", "can delete post", "can ban user"]

# Call the show_privileges method of the Admin class
admin.privileges.show_privileges()

9.5

练习9-13：骰子 　创建一个Die 类，它包含一个名为sides 的属性，该属性的默认值为6。编写一个名为roll_die() 的方法，它打印位于1和骰子面数之间的随机数。创建一个6面的骰子再掷10次。创建一个10面的骰子和一个20面的骰子，再分别掷10次。

from random import randint

class Die:
    """A class representing a die."""
    
    def __init__(self, sides=6):
        """Initialize the die with a specified number of sides."""
        self.sides = sides
    
    def roll_die(self):
        """Roll the die and print the result."""
        print(f"Rolling a {self.sides}-sided die:")
        result = randint(1, self.sides)
        print(f"The result is: {result}")

# Exercise 9-13
# Create a 6-sided die and roll it 10 times
six_sided_die = Die()
for _ in range(10):
    six_sided_die.roll_die()

# Create a 10-sided die and roll it 10 times
ten_sided_die = Die(sides=10)
for _ in range(10):
    ten_sided_die.roll_die()

# Create a 20-sided die and roll it 10 times
twenty_sided_die = Die(sides=20)
for _ in range(10):
    twenty_sided_die.roll_die()

练习9-14：彩票 　创建一个列表或元组，其中包含10个数和5个字母。从这个列表或元组中随机选择4个数或字母，并打印一条消息，指出只要彩票上是这4 个数或字母，就中大奖了。

from random import choice

# Exercise 9-14
# Create a list or tuple containing numbers and letters
lottery_numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
lottery_letters = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']

# Select 4 items randomly from the list or tuple
winning_numbers = [choice(lottery_numbers) for _ in range(4)]
winning_letters = [choice(lottery_letters) for _ in range(4)]

print("Congratulations! You've won the lottery if your ticket has these numbers/letters:")
print(winning_numbers + winning_letters)

练习9-15：彩票分析 　可以使用一个循环来明白前述彩票大奖有多难中奖。为此，创建一个名为my_ticket 的列表或元组，再编写一个循环，不断地随机选择数或字母，直到中大奖为止。请打印一条消息，报告执行循环多少次才中了大奖。

from random import choice

# Exercise 9-14
# Create a list or tuple containing numbers and letters
lottery_numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
lottery_letters = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']

# Select 4 items randomly from the list or tuple
winning_numbers = [choice(lottery_numbers) for _ in range(4)]
winning_letters = [choice(lottery_letters) for _ in range(4)]

print("Congratulations! You've won the lottery if your ticket has these numbers/letters:")
print(winning_numbers + winning_letters)

练习9-16：Python Module of the Week 　要了解Python标准库，一个很不错的资源是网站Python Module of the Week。请访问该网站并查看其中的目录，找一个你感兴趣的模块进行探索。从模块random 开始可能是个不错的选择。