学习笔记——Python：Flask（ToDo）

1 基础知识

1.1 开发环境搭建

1.1.1 安装 Anaconda

1.1.2 版本查询

conda info flask

1.1.3 升级版本

conda update flask

1.2 实现基础Web应用

from flask import Flask
from time import *

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', localtime(time()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
    

1.3 静态路由和动态路由

• 若静态路由和动态路由冲突，则优先读取静态路由。

# 动态路由
@app.route('/greet/<name>')
def greetName(name):
    return '<h1>hello my {}</h1>'.format(name)


@app.route('/greet/<a1>/<a2>/<a3>')
def args1(a1, a2, a3):
    return '<h1>{}, {}, {}</h1>'.format(a1, a2, a3)


@app.route('/greet/<a1>-<a2>-<a3>')
def args2(a1, a2, a3):
    return '<h1>{}*{}*{}</h1>'.format(a1, a2, a3)
    

1.4 获取客户端请求（Request）

from flask import Flask
from flask import request

app = Flask(__name__)


# 获取请求头，浏览器版本号信息
@app.route('/')
def index():
    user_agent = request.headers.get('User-Agent')
    return '<h1>Your browser is %s</h1>' % user_agent


# 获取request传递参数
@app.route('/abc')
def abc():
    value = request.args.get('id')
    return '<h1>id = %s</h1>' % value


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
    

1.5 Response与Cookie

from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import make_response
from datetime import *

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    response = make_response('<h1>This document is response text</h1>')
    return response


@app.route('/writecookie/<cv>')
def writeCookie(cv):
    response = make_response('<h1>Cookie已经写入</h1>')
    # 设置过期时间
    outdate = datetime.today() + timedelta(seconds=20)
    # 设置cookie时效
    response.set_cookie('cv', cv, expires=outdate)
    return response


@app.route('/readcookie')
def readCookie():
    value = request.cookies.get('cv')
    print(value)
    if value == None:
        value = '<h1>Cookie失效</h1>'
    return value


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

1.6 会话（Session）

from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import session
from datetime import *

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    if 'username' in session:
        return '已经登录 %s' % session['username']
    return '未登录'


@app.route('/login')
def login():
    session.permanent = True
    session['username'] = request.args.get('username')
    return '登录成功'


@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    session.pop('username', None)
    return '注销成功'


app.secret_key = 'asdfasdfsfdsfadsffdsaf'
app.permanent_session_lifetime = timedelta(seconds=20)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

1.7 静态文件和重定向

from flask import Flask
from flask import redirect

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/test')
def test():
    return app.send_static_file('test1.txt')


# 重定向
@app.route('/abc')
def abc():
    return redirect('/static/test1.txt')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()