经典一例简介Scala 强大的函数式编程，丰富的集合操作方法

情景设定：

从一组投票结果(语言，票数)中统计不同程序语言的票数并按照得票的顺序显示

 

原始数据

    val votes = Seq(("scala", 7), ("java", 4), ("scala", 10), ("scala", 1), ("python", 10), ("python", 5))

 

分步操作：

1.  按语言名，把投票结果分组

val groupByLang = votes.groupBy(_._1)

此时输出 groupByLang：

Map(scala -> List((scala,7), (scala,10), (scala,1)), python -> List((python,10), (python,5)), java -> List((java,4)))

2. 统计每个分组的结果

    val countVotes = groupByLang. map { case (which, counts) =>
     (which, counts.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2))
    }

 此时输出countVotes：

 Map(scala -> 18, python -> 15, java -> 4)

3. 转Map为Seq，排序，反转

 val finalList = countVotes.toSeq.sortBy(_._2).reverse.toList

此时输出 finalList：

List((scala,18), (python,15), (java,4))

 

合并在一起，简结明了：

val finalList = votes.groupBy(_._1)
      .map { case (which, counts) =>
                  (which, counts.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2))
              }.toSeq
      .sortBy(_._2)
      .reverse.toList

 

这里，foldLeft 也是Scala Seq提供的一个方法：

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def              foldLeft[B](z: B)(op: (B, A) ⇒ B): B     

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this sequence, going left to right.

 

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this sequence, going left to right.

   Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

B

the result type of the binary operator.

z

the start value.

op

the binary operator.

returns

the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this sequence,          going left to right with the start value z on the left:

op(...op(z, x_1), x_2, ..., x_n)

          where x1, ..., xn are the elements of this sequence.

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举个例子：

设 testList((scala,7), (scala,10), (scala,1))

teestList.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2))   的结果 是  18.

 

Scala的 集合， Seq，Set，Map都提供了许多有用的方法， 而且可以链式调用。

具体视需求查Scala 的Api：

http://www.scala-lang.org/api/2.10.3/#package