ElasticSearch：搜索与查询-全文检索

全文检索-Fulltext query

目录

一. 全文检索-Fulltext query

1. match

2. match_all

3. multi_match

4. mtach_phrase

---

本章节所用数据：

PUT /product/_doc/1
{
    "name" : "xiaomi phone",
    "desc" :  "shouji zhong de zhandouji",
    "price" :  3999,
    "lv":"qijianji",
    "type":"phone",
    "createtime":"2020-10-01T08:00:00Z",
    "tags": [ "xingjiabi", "fashao","buka" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/2
{
    "name" : "xiaomi nfc phone",
    "desc" :  "zhichi quangongneng nfc,shouji zhong de jianjiji",
    "price" :  4999,
    "lv":"qijianji",
    "type":"phone",
    "createtime":"2020-05-21T08:00:00Z",
    "tags": [ "xingjiabi", "fashao","gongjiaoka" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/3
{
    "name" : "nfc phone",
    "desc" :  "shouji zhong de hongzhaji ",
    "price" :  2999,
    "lv":"gaoduanji",
    "type":"phone",
    "createtime":"2020-06-20",
    "tags": [ "xingjiabi", "fashao", "menjinka" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/4
{
    "name" : "xiaomi erji",
    "desc" :  "erji zhong de huangmenji",
    "price" :  999,
    "lv":"baiyuanji",
    "type":"erji",
    "createtime":"2020-06-23",
    "tags": [ "low", "bufangshui","yinzhicha" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/5
{
    "name" : "hongmi erji",
    "desc" :  "erji zhong de kendeji nfc",
    "price" :  399,
    "type":"erji",
    "lv":"baiyuanji",
    "createtime":"2020-07-20",
    "tags": [ "lowbee","xuhangduan", "zhiliangx" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/6
{
    "name" : "xiaomi phone 10",
    "desc" :  "chongdian zeikuai diaodian gengkuai，chaoji wudi wangyuanjing，gaoshua dianjingping",
    "price" :  "5999",
    "lv":"qijianji",
    "type":"phone",
    "createtime":"2020-07-27",
    "tags": [ "120Hz", "120W", "120bianjiao" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/7
{
    "name" : "aipao SE2",
    "desc" :  "chule CPU，nothing",
    "price" :  "3299",
    "lv":"qijianji",
    "type":"phone",
    "createtime":"2020-07-21",
    "tags": [ "gejiucai", "gejiujiucai", "gexinjiucai" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/8
{
    "name" : "XS Max",
    "desc" :  "tingshuo yaochu 12 le zhongyu keyi huandiao shouli de 4S le",
    "price" :  4399,
    "lv":"qijianji",
    "type":"shouji",
    "createtime":"2020-08-19",
    "tags": [ "5V1A", "4Gquanwangtong", "big" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/9
{
    "name" : "xiaomi TV",
    "desc" :  "Sydney's KTV",
    "price" :  2998,
    "lv":"gaoduanji",
    "type":"erji",
    "createtime":"2020-08-16",
    "tags": [ "jumo", "jiatingyingyuan", "games" ]
}
PUT /product/_doc/10
{
    "name" : "hongmi TV",
    "desc" :  "wo bishangmian nage genghuasuan，woye 2998，woye 70 cun，danshi wo genghaokan",
    "price" :  2999,
    "type":"TV",
    "lv":"gaoduanji",
    "createtime":"2020-08-28",
    "tags": [ "dapian", "languang8K", "chaobo" ]
}

一. 常用语法

1. match

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "xiaomi nfc phone"
    }
  }
}

解析：这个请求的意思是 查询product索引中name字段包含“xiaomi nfc phone”的文档

相当于mysql中的这个语句：

        select  *  from product where name like '%xiaomi nfc phone%'

有mysql使用经验的同学都知道, 这条sql语句会导致全表扫描, 消耗巨大资源且效率极低

而ES是怎么做的呢? ES会将"xiaomi nfc phone" 分为三个此项: "xiaomi", "nfc", "phone", 再将三个词项在目标索引的文档中匹配, 将匹配到的文档全部返回.

查询结果

        仅截图三条相关数据, 方便大家查看

从查询结果中我们可以看到:

• 文档1中name字段包含了xiaomi nfc phone三个词项
• 文档2中name字段包含了 nfc phone 两个词项
• 文档3中name字段包含了 xiaomi phone 两个词项
• 三个文档的评分值是降序排列

不难发现, 在mtach查询语句中, 只要任意一个词项被命中, 这条数据就可以被查询到.

2. match_all

顾名思义, 查询所有结果.

值得注意的是 当我们不加任何查询条件时, 与match_all是一致的, 如下代码

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

GET /product/_search

3. multi_match

多字段查询, 可以在多个字段中匹配查询条件, 只要任意字段符合任意词项就将命中结果

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "erji zhandouji",
      "fields": ["name", "desc"]
    }
  }
}

语句解析:  查询name或desc字段中包含有erji zhandouji 任意一个词项的数据

也就是说, name或者desc两个字段只要包含了erji或者zhandouji中任意一个,那么这条数据将被查询出来.

 查询结果

可以发现: 

• 文档1中desc字段包含了 zhandouji
• 文档2中name字段包含了erji
• 文档3中name字段包含了erji

4. mtach_phrase

短语查询.  与mtach不同的是, match查询只需要包含查询条件中任意一个词项即可命中数据, 但是短语查询中, 文档必须包含查询条件中所有的词项, 并且词项的位置必须和条件中的位置一致才可以命中

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "name": "xiaomi nfc"
    }
  }
}

我们来对比一下相同条件下两种查询方式的结果:

可以发现match命中了6条数据, match_phrase仅1条

match

match_phrase:

那么我们将xiaomi和nfc位置对换一下查看结果:

发现位置对换无法查询到数据