1. EL表达式(特别重要)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5adb26b85f4c2b939b76a8fa95ba3800.png)
1.1 EL简介
不是一种语言,只是一个表达式而已,是JSP中专门用于显示数据用的,SinceJSP2.0
主要作用:获取数据并显示到页面上。
简单易用:
<%
List<Book> cart = (List<Book>)request.getSession.getAttribute(“cart”);
out.write(cart.get(0).getName());
%>
EL:${cart[0].name} 简单,写起来方便。
实际开发:不要在JSP中使用Java表达式,而要使用EL表达式。
1.2 EL表达式的基本语法
${EL表达式}
EL表达式,是从四大域对象中取数据的。
EL表达式中没有空指针异常,也没有数组越界,没有字符串连接。
1.3 EL获取数据
1.3.1 获取对象的属性
例子用到的类:
package com.itheima.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private String name = "牛骞";
private String gender;
private int age;
private Address address = new Address();
public Student(){}
public Student(String name, String gender, int age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
package com.itheima.domain;
public class Address {
private String province = "山东省";
private String city = "济南市";
public String getProvince() {
return province;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
}
<%@page import="com.itheima.domain.Student"%>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>EL获取数据</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<br/>-------EL是从四个域范围中查找数据的(不要忘记)---------<br/>
<%
Student s1 = new Student();
request.setAttribute("s", s1);
%>
${s}
<%--模拟原理
Student s = (Student)pageContext.findAttribute("s");
out.write(s);
--%>
<br/>-------EL获取JavaBean的属性---------<br/>
${s.name}=${s["name"]}=${s['name']}
<br/>-------EL获取JavaBean的关联对象的属性---------<br/>
${s.address.province}=${s.address.city}
<hr/>
<br/>-------EL获取数组中的元素---------<br/>
<%
String strs[] = {"陈冠希","钟欣桐","张白痴","谢霆锋"};
pageContext.setAttribute("strs", strs);
%>
${strs[1]}${strs[100]}
<br/>-------EL获取List的元素---------<br/>
<%
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");
list.add("ccc");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
%>
${list[1]}
<br/>-------EL获取Map的数据:Map.Entry getKey getValue---------<br/>
<%
Map map = new HashMap();//根据key获取value
map.put("a", "aaaa");
map.put("b", "bbbb");
map.put("c", "cccc");
pageContext.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
${map.b}
<%--
map.getKey("b");
--%>
</body>
</html>
1.3.2 EL运算符
算数、逻辑、关系
l empty运算符:
判断一个字符串是否为””或其他对象是否为null,同时还能判断集合中是否有元素。
l 三元运算符:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>EL运算</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<br/>------empty运算符--------<br/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("s1", "");
pageContext.setAttribute("s2", null);
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("aa");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
String strs[] = {};
pageContext.setAttribute("strs", strs);
%>
${empty s1}<br/>
${empty s2}<br/>
${empty list}<br/>
${empty strs}<br/>
<br/>------三元运算符--------<br/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("gender", "female");
%>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" ${gender=='male'?'checked="checked"':''}/>男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="female" ${gender=='female'?'checked="checked"':''}/>女
</body>
</html>
1.3.3 EL中的隐含对象
PS:(难点:不要和JSP的隐含对象混淆)
这小节的视频是更换过的。
<%JSP隐含对象%>
${EL隐含对象}
EL隐含对象名称 | 类型 | JSP隐含对象名称 | 备注 |
pageContext | javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext | pageContext | 这个完全一样 |
pageScope | java.util.Map | 没有 | 页面范围中的数据 |
requestScope | java.util.Map | 没有 | 请求范围中的数据 |
sessionScope | java.util.Map | 没有 | 会话范围中的数据 |
applicationScope | java.util.Map | 没有 | 应用范围中的数据 |
Param | java.util.Map | 没有 | 请求参数。key:请求参数名,value:请求参数值 |
paramValues | java.util.Map | 没有 | 请求参数。key:请求参数名,value:请求参数值数组 |
Header | java.util.Map | 没有 | 请求消息头。key:消息头名称,value:消息头值String |
headerValues | java.util.Map | 没有 | 请求消息头。key:消息头名称,value:消息头值数组 |
initParam | java.util.Map | 没有 | 全局参数配置。 |
Cookie | java.util.Map | 没有 | key:是Cookie对象的name,value是Cookie对象本身 |
<%@page import="com.it.domain.Person"%>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>EL的隐含对象</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%--=pageContext --%><br/>
${pageContext}<br/>
当前应用名称:${pageContext.request.contextPath}<br/>
${pageContext.response.characterEncoding}<br/>
HttpSession的ID:<%=session.getId() %><br/>
HttpSession的ID:${pageContext.session.id}<br/>
<br/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("p", "pp");
request.setAttribute("p", "rp");
session.setAttribute("p", "sp");
application.setAttribute("p", "ap");
%>
${p}<br/><!-- pageContext.findAttribute("p") -->
${pageScope.p }<br/><!-- pageContext.findAttribute("p",page_Scope) -->
${requestScope.p }<br/>
${sessionScope.p }<br/>
${applicationScope.p }<br/>
<%
//pageContext.setAttribute("user", "haha");
session.setAttribute("user", new Person());
%>
${user.name }<br/>
${sessionScope.user.name }<br/>
<hr/>
获取消息头的值:ACcept-Encoding<br/>
JSP:<%=request.getHeader("ACcept-Encoding") %><br/>
EL: ${header['ACcept-Encoding']} <br/> <!-- 不能使用点号 -->
${headerValues['ACcept-Encoding'][0] }<br/>
<!-- http://localhost/day11_00_el/3el.jsp?name=abc&password=456&password=123 -->
${param.name}:${param.password}<br/>
${paramValues.name[0]}:${paramValues.password[0]}:${paramValues.password[1]}<br/>
${cookie.JSESSIONID.value }<br/>
${initParam.wuj}
</body>
</html>
1.3.4 定义和使用EL函数
EL不支持字符串操作
a、定义EL函数的开发步骤
1、定义一个普通类,提供实现功能的静态方法(EL函数只能调用静态方法)
package com.itheima.jsp;
public class MyFunctions {
public static String toUppercase(String s){
return s.toUpperCase();
}
}
2、EL函数进行配置:在WEB-INF目录下建立一个扩展名为tld(Tag Libary Definition)的xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
<short-name>myfn</short-name>
<uri>http://www.itheima.com/jsp/functions</uri>
<function>
<name>toUppercase</name>
<function-class>com.itheima.jsp.MyFunctions</function-class>
<function-signature>java.lang.String toUppercase( java.lang.String )</function-signature>
</function>
</taglib>
3、在JSP中使用自定义的EL函数
首先:通过taglib指令引入外部的函数库
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/functions" prefix="myfn"%>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/functions" prefix="myfn"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" prefix="fn"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>使用EL函数</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("s", "abcdefg");
%>
${myfn:toUppercase(s)}
<hr/>
${fn:contains("Tomcat","cat")}
<hr/>
${fn:split("2008-09-08","-")[0] }<br/>
${fn:split("2008-09-08","-")[1] }<br/>
${fn:split("2008-09-08","-")[2] }<br/>
<hr/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("data", "<h1>黑马真好</h1>");
%>
${fn:escapeXml(data)}
</body>
</html>
2. 自定义标签:简单标签
2.1 标签的作用
控制JSP中的逻辑处理。替换掉JSP中的Java脚本。
2.2 标签的编写步骤
javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTag中的方法:
void doTag():遇到自定义标签时由服务器调用执行。
JspTag getParent():得到父标签的引用。
void setJspBody(JspFragment jsp):由服务器调用,传出JSP的片段
void setJspContext(JspContext jc):由服务器调用,传入当前页面的PageContext
void setParent(JspTag parent):由服务器调用,传入他的父标签
a、编写一个类,实现javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTag,或者继承javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport
package com.itheima.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class ShowRemoteIpSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
public ShowRemoteIpSimpleTag(){
System.out.println("实例化了");
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
PageContext pc = (PageContext)getJspContext();
String ip = pc.getRequest().getRemoteAddr();
pc.getOut().write(ip);
}
}
b、对标签处理类进行配置
在WEB-INF目录下建立一个扩展名为tld的xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
<short-name>itheima</short-name>
<uri>http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags</uri>
<tag>
<name>showRemoteIp</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.tag.ShowRemoteIpSimpleTag</tag-class>
<!-- 说明标签的主体内容 :没有就写empty-->
<body-content>empty</body-content>
</tag>
</taglib>
c、在JSP中使用
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags" prefix="itheima"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>输出来访者的IP地址</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
您的IP是:
<%--
String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
out.write(ip);
--%>
<itheima:showRemoteIp/>
</body>
</html>
2.3 标签具体的作用:4个方面
a、控制主体内容是否显示。
package com.itheima.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.JspFragment;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class Demo1SimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
//主体内容不需要显示,就什么都不写
// public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
// }
//让主体内容显示:得到主体内容,用字符流输出即可
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
// JspFragment jf = getJspBody();//代表标签的主体内容
// PageContext pc = (PageContext)getJspContext();
// JspWriter out = pc.getOut();
// jf.invoke(out);
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags" prefix="itheima"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>控制主体内容是否显示</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
我喜欢
<itheima:demo1>good</itheima:demo1>
</body>
</html>
b、控制结束标签后的JSP内容不执行。
package com.itheima.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.JspFragment;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class Demo2SimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
throw new SkipPageException();
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags" prefix="itheima"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>控制结束标签后的JSP内容不执行</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
我<itheima:demo2/>喜欢男人
</body>
</html>
c、控制主体内容重复执行
package com.itheima.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.JspFragment;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class Demo3SimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
private int count;//自动转换
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
for(int i=0;i<count;i++){
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags" prefix="itheima"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>控制主体内容重复执行</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<% int i = 3; %>
<itheima:demo3 count="${1+4}">
girl<br/>
</itheima:demo3>
</body>
</html>
d、改变主体内容后再输出
package com.itheima.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.JspFragment;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class Demo4SimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
//得到主体内容
JspFragment jf =getJspBody();
jf.invoke(sw);
//变为大写后输出
String content = sw.toString();
content = content.toUpperCase();
PageContext pc = (PageContext)getJspContext();
pc.getOut().write(content);
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags" prefix="itheima"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>改变主体内容后再输出</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<itheima:demo4>
abcdefg${1+1}
</itheima:demo4>
</body>
</html>
4个 demo tld 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
<short-name>itheima</short-name>
<uri>http://www.itheima.com/jsp/tags</uri>
<tag>
<name>demo1</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.tag.Demo1SimpleTag</tag-class>
<!-- 说明标签的主体内容 :有就写scriptless.简单标签时使用-->
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>demo2</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.tag.Demo2SimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>empty</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>demo3</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.tag.Demo3SimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>count</name>
<required>true</required>
<!-- rt:RunTime expr:Expression value 是否支持表达式:java表达式或EL表达式-->
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>demo4</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.tag.Demo4SimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
</tag>
</taglib>
2.4 标签的详细配置
<body-content>取值:
JSP:jsp中能出现啥,标签主体内容就能出现啥。给传统标签用的。简单标签一用就报错。
empty:没有主体内容。简单和传统标签都能用。
scriptless:给简单标签用的,说明主体内容是非脚本。
tagdependent:把主体内容的EL表达式当做普通字符串对待。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/90fa29d5be46977bf71ac9821ed4de38.png)
2.5 自定义标签案例:4个
1.实现if
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class IfSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
private boolean test;
public void setTest(boolean test) {
this.test = test;
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
if(test){
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/examples" prefix="h"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>实现if语句的功能</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("abc");
pageContext.setAttribute("cart", list);
%>
<h:if test="${empty cart}">
对不起!您没有购买任何商品
</h:if>
<h:if test="${!empty cart}">
您购买的商品如下
</h:if>
</body>
</html>
2.实现if else语句的功能
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class ChooseSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
private boolean flag;
public boolean isFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(boolean flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class WhenSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
private boolean test;
public void setTest(boolean test) {
this.test = test;
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
if(test){
getJspBody().invoke(null);
//把父标签的标记改一下
ChooseSimpleTag p = (ChooseSimpleTag)getParent();
p.setFlag(true);
}
}
}
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class OtherwiseSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
ChooseSimpleTag p = (ChooseSimpleTag)getParent();
if(!p.isFlag()){
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/examples" prefix="h"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>实现if else语句的功能</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("grade", "A");
%>
<h:choose>
<h:when test="${grade=='A'}">
优秀
</h:when>
<h:otherwise>
尚需努力
</h:otherwise>
</h:choose>
</body>
</html>
3.实现forEach语句的功能
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class ForEach1SimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
private List items;
private String var;//类型写String
public void setItems(List items) {
this.items = items;
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
PageContext pc = (PageContext)getJspContext();
for(Object obj:items){
pc.setAttribute(var, obj);
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
}
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class ForEach2SimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
private Object items;
private String var;//类型写String
private Collection collection = new ArrayList();
public void setItems(Object items) {
//向collection中放数据
if(items instanceof List){
collection = (List)items;
}else if(items instanceof Set){
collection = (Set)items;
}else if(items instanceof Map){
collection = ((Map)items).entrySet();
// }else if(items instanceof Object[]){
// collection = Arrays.asList((Object[])items);
// }else if(items instanceof int[]){
// int[] ii = (int[])items;
// for(int i:ii){
// collection.add(i);
// }
// }
//
//反射数组:Class.isArray()只要是数组,返回true
}else if(items.getClass().isArray()){
//是一个数组
int len = Array.getLength(items);// items数组的长度
for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
collection.add(Array.get(items, i));
}
}else{
throw new RuntimeException("不支持的类型");
}
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
PageContext pc = (PageContext)getJspContext();
for(Object obj:collection){
pc.setAttribute(var, obj);
getJspBody().invoke(null);
}
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/examples" prefix="h"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>实现forEach语句的功能</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");
list.add("ccc");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
%>
<h:forEach1 items="${list}" var="l">
${l}<br/>
</h:forEach1>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/examples" prefix="h"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>实现forEach语句的功能</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");
list.add("ccc");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
%>
<h:forEach2 items="${list}" var="l">
${l}<br/>
</h:forEach2>
<hr/>
<%
Set set = new HashSet();
set.add("aa");
set.add("bb");
set.add("cc");
pageContext.setAttribute("set", set);
%>
<h:forEach2 items="${set}" var="l">
${l}<br/>
</h:forEach2>
<hr/>
<%
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("a", "aaaa");
map.put("b", "bbbb");
map.put("c", "cccc");
pageContext.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<h:forEach2 items="${map}" var="me">
${me.key}=${me.value}<br/>
</h:forEach2>
<hr/>
<%
String strs[] = {"aaaaa","bbbbb","ccccc"};
pageContext.setAttribute("strs", strs);
%>
<h:forEach2 items="${strs}" var="s">
${s}<br/>
</h:forEach2>
<hr/>
<%
int ii[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
pageContext.setAttribute("ii", ii);
%>
<h:forEach2 items="${ii}" var="s">
${s}<br/>
</h:forEach2>
</body>
</html>
4.html标记过滤的标签
package com.itheima.examples;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
public class HtmlFilterSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();//带有缓存功能的字符输出流
getJspBody().invoke(sw);
String content = sw.toString();//<h1>你好</h1>
content = filter(content);// <h1>你好</h1>
PageContext pc = (PageContext)getJspContext();
pc.getOut().write(content);
}
private String filter(String message) {
if (message == null)
return (null);
char content[] = new char[message.length()];
message.getChars(0, message.length(), content, 0);
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(content.length + 50);
for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
switch (content[i]) {
case '<':
result.append("<");
break;
case '>':
result.append(">");
break;
case '&':
result.append("&");
break;
case '"':
result.append(""");
break;
default:
result.append(content[i]);
}
}
return (result.toString());
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.itheima.com/jsp/examples" prefix="h"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>html标记过滤的标签</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h:htmlFilter>
<h1>你好</h1>
</h:htmlFilter>
</body>
</html>
以上自定义 EL 函数的 配置 tld 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
<short-name>h</short-name>
<uri>http://www.itheima.com/jsp/examples</uri>
<tag>
<name>if</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.IfSimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>test</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>choose</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.ChooseSimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>when</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.WhenSimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>test</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>otherwise</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.OtherwiseSimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>forEach1</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.ForEach1SimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>forEach2</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.ForEach2SimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>htmlFilter</name>
<tag-class>com.itheima.examples.HtmlFilterSimpleTag</tag-class>
<body-content>scriptless</body-content>
</tag>
</taglib>
3. JSTL标签库
3.1 JSTL简介
JSP Standard Tag Libary:JSP中标准的标签库。
Apache实现的。
导入jar包:JavaEE的jar包中包含。
3.2 JSTL的组成
Core:核心标签库。通用逻辑处理
Fmt:国际化有关。
Functions:EL函数
SQL:操作数据库。不用
XML:操作XML。不用
3.3 JSTL中Core
例子中用到的类: Person
package com.itheima.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person implements Serializable {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>开发中不常用</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<br/>-------c:out输出内容到页面上-------------<br/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("d1", "<h1>abcdefg</h1>");
%>
<c:out value="${d1}" default="木有" escapeXml="true"></c:out><br/>
${d1}<br/>
<br/>-------c:set不经常用。能把某个值存到指定的域范围中\设置JavaBean的属性、设置Map的key和value-------------<br/>
<c:set var="p" value="ppp" scope="request"></c:set>
${requestScope.p}<br/>
<jsp:useBean id="person" class="com.itheima.domain.Person" scope="page"></jsp:useBean>
Name:${person.name}<br/>
<c:set value="牛骞" property="name" target="${person}"></c:set>
Name:${person.name}<br/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("map", new HashMap());
%>
<c:set value="aaa" property="a" target="${map}"></c:set>
${map.a}
<br/>----------c:remove 从指定范围删除属性,没有指定范围,则四个范围全删----------<br/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("s", "ps");
request.setAttribute("s", "rs");
session.setAttribute("s", "ss");
application.setAttribute("s", "as");
%>
<c:remove var="s"/>
page:${pageScope.s}<br/>
request:${requestScope.s}<br/>
session:${sessionScope.s}<br/>
application:${applicationScope.s}<br/>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>title</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<br/>----------如同catch代码块-----------<br/>
<c:catch var="e">
<jsp:useBean id="p1" class="com.itheima.domain.Person"></jsp:useBean>
${p1.gender}
</c:catch>
<hr/>
${e.message}
</body>
</html>
foreach:
<body>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("strs", new String[]{"a","b"});
%>
<c:forEach items="${strs}" var="s">
${s}<br/>
</c:forEach>
<hr/>
<%
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("aa");
list.add("bb");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
%>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="s">
${s}<br/>
</c:forEach>
<hr/>
<%
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("a", "aaa");
map.put("b", "bbb");
pageContext.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<c:forEach items="${map}" var="me">
${me.key}=${me.value}<br/>
</c:forEach>
<hr/>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="100" var="num">
${num}
</c:forEach>
<hr/>
<%
pageContext.setAttribute("strs1", new String[]{"a","b","c","d","e","f","g"});
%>
<c:forEach items="${strs1}" begin="1" end="5" step="2" var="s">
${s}<br/>
</c:forEach>
<hr/>
<br/>-------开发中------<br/>
<%
List students = new ArrayList();
students.add(new Student("牛骞","female",19));
students.add(new Student("织万","male",29));
students.add(new Student("薛振宇","male",39));
students.add(new Student("刘飞","female",39));
pageContext.setAttribute("stus", students);
%>
<table border="1" width="438">
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<!--
varStatus:取值为一个字符串,就是一个变量名,引用一个对象
该对象记录着当前遍历的元素的信息。
int getIndex():当前元素的索引。
int getCount():当前元素计数。
boolean isFirst():是否第一个
boolean isLast():
-->
<c:forEach items="${stus}" var="s" varStatus="vs">
<tr class="${vs.index%2==0?'odd':'even'}">
<td>${vs.count}</td>
<td>${s.name}</td>
<td>${s.gender=='male'?'男':'女'}</td>
<td>${s.age}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
import:
<br/>--------包含:多了能包含任何页面的功能-----------<br/>
<c:import url="/forEach.jsp"></c:import>
<hr/>
<c:import url="http://www.baidu.com"></c:import>
url:
<br/>-------url构建一个地址:URL重写;地址服务器用的,value的/就表示当前应用-----------<br/>
<br/>-------url和param一同使用,可以对中文参数进行URL编码-----------<br/>
<c:url value="/url.jsp"></c:url><br/>
<c:url value="/forEach.jsp" var="forEachUrl1"></c:url>
<a href="${forEachUrl1}">猛戳1</a><br/>
<c:url value="/forEach.jsp" var="forEachUrl2">
<c:param name="username" value="王昭珽"></c:param>
<c:param name="password" value="123"></c:param>
</c:url>
<a href="${forEachUrl2}">猛戳2</a><br/>
3.4 JSTL中的Functions
taglib指令导入:
l fn:contains函数:用于判断在源字符串中是否包含目标字符串。
l fn:containsIgnoreCase函数:用于判断在源字符串中是否包含目标字符串,并且在判断时忽略大小写。
l fn:startsWith函数:用于判断源字符串是否以指定的目标字符串开头。
l fn: endsWith函数:用于判断源字符串是否以指定的目标字符串结尾。
l fn:indexOf函数:用于在源字符串中查找目标字符串,并返回源字符串中最先与目标字符串匹配的第一个字符的索引。
l fn:replace函数:用于把源字符串中的一部分替换为另外的字符串,并返回替换后的字符串。
l fn:substring函数:用于获取源字符串中的特定子字符串。
l fn:substringBefore函数:用于获取源字符串中指定子字符串之前的子字符串。
l fn: substringAfter函数:用于获取源字符串中指定子字符串之后的子字符串
l fn:split函数:用于将源字符串拆分为一个字符串数组。
l fn:join函数:用于将源字符串数组中的所有字符串连接为一个字符串。
l fn:toLowerCase函数:用于将源字符串中的所有字符改为小写。
l fn: toUpperCase函数:用于将源字符串中的所有字符改为大写。
l fn:trim函数:用于将源字符串中的开头和末尾的空格删除。
l fn:escapeXml函数:用于将源字符串中的字符“<”、“>”、“””和“&”等转换为转义字符。
l fn:length函数:用于返回字符串中的字符的个数,或者集合和数组的元素的个数
总结
一、EL表达式
作用:替换掉JSP中的Java表达式。
1、基本语法:
${p} 从四个域范围中查找数据
2、获取数据:
JavaBean的属性、List中的元素、Map中的数据(根据key找value)
3、运算:逻辑、关系、empty、三元运算。
empty:如果一个集合不是null,其中没有元素,也是空的。
4、EL的隐含对象
pageContext
pageScope
requestScope
sessionScope
applicationScope
param
paramValues
header
headerValues
initParam
cookie: Map,key:是cookie的name;value:cookie对象
5、自定义EL函数
a、定义一个普通类,类的方法必须是静态的
b、建立tld文件,定义函数
c、在JSP中通过taglib指令导入,使用
二、自定义简单标签
1、标签的作用:替换JSP中的Java脚本
2、编码步骤
3、四个具体作用
4、自定义几个标签,发行自己的标签库
三、JSTL
Core Functions Format SQL XML
1、Functions:字符串操作有关。
2、JSTL中的核心标签