C语言实现简单注释转换

我们常见的注释转换有两种风格：C语言注释风格和C++注释风格。

C语言注释：/* 注释内容 */

特点：允许多行注释，但不允许嵌套注释

C++注释： //注释内容

特点：允许嵌套注释，但不允许多行注释

这个程序的目的就是为了将C语言的注释转换成C++的注释。我们给定一个”input.c”，程序运行后产生一个对应的”output.c”

这个程序其实内在很复杂，有很多种情况。

如上图所示的七种情况，我们如果用单纯的if…else…来表示，那其中的嵌套情况就太过于复杂。我们考虑用状态机来处理这个问题,分析情况简单描绘如下图。

具体代码如下：

CommentConvert.h

#include<stdlib.h>

typedef enum State
{
    NUL_STATE,
    C_STATE,
    CPP_STATE,
    END_STATE,
}State;


void CommentConvert(FILE*pfread, FILE* pfwrite);

void doNulState(FILE* pfread, FILE* pfwrite, State* ps);
void doCState(FILE* pfread, FILE* pfwrite, State* ps);
void doCppState(FILE* pfread, FILE* pfwrite, State* ps);



#endif

CommentConvert.c

#include"CommentConvert.h"
void CommentConvert(FILE*pfread, FILE*pfwrite)
{
    State state = NUL_STATE;
    while (state != END_STATE)           //分成四个状态来简化复杂状态
    {
        switch (state)
        {
        case NUL_STATE:
            {
                doNulState(pfread, pfwrite, &state);
            }
            break;
        case C_STATE:
            {
                doCState(pfread, pfwrite, &state);
            }
            break;
        case CPP_STATE:
            {
                doCppState(pfread, pfwrite, &state);
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
}


void doNulState(FILE* pfread, FILE* pfwrite, State*ps)
{
    int first = fgetc(pfread);
    switch (first)
    {
    case '/':
    {
        int second = fgetc(pfread);
        switch (second)
        {
            case '*':
                {
                    fputc('/', pfwrite);
                    fputc('/', pfwrite);
                    *ps = C_STATE;
                }
                break;
            case '/':
                {
                    fputc('/', pfwrite);
                    fputc('/', pfwrite);
                    *ps = CPP_STATE;
                }
                break;
            default:
                {
                    fputc(second, pfwrite);
                }
                break;
        }
    }
    break;
    case EOF:
        {
            *ps = END_STATE;
        }
        break;
    default:
        {
            fputc(first, pfwrite);
        }
        break;
    }
}



void doCState(FILE* pfread, FILE* pfwrite, State* ps)
{
    int first = fgetc(pfread);
    switch (first)
    {
        case '*':
            {
                int second = fgetc(pfread);
                switch (second)
                    {
                        case '/':              //C语言注释结束
                            {
                                int third = fgetc(pfread);
                                if (third == '\n')
                                    {
                                        fputc(third, pfwrite);
                                    }
                                else
                                    {
                                        fputc('\n', pfwrite);
                                        ungetc(third, pfread);          
                                    }
                                    *ps = NUL_STATE;
                            }
                            break;
                        case '*':                      
                            {
                                fputc(first, pfwrite);
                                ungetc(second, pfread);
                            }
                            break;
                        default:                     
                            {
                                fputc(first, pfwrite);
                                ungetc(second, pfread);
                            }
                            break;
                     }
            }
            break;
    case '\n':
        {
            fputc(first, pfwrite);
            fputc('/', pfwrite);
            fputc('/', pfwrite);
        }
        break;
    default:
        {
            fputc(first, pfwrite);
        }
        break;
    }
}



void doCppState(FILE* pfread, FILE* pfwrite, State* ps)
{
    int first = fgetc(pfread);
    switch (first)
        {
            case'\n':
                {
                    fputc(first, pfwrite);
                    *ps = NUL_STATE;
                }
                break;
            case EOF:
                {
                    *ps = END_STATE;
                }
                break;
            default:
                {
                    fputc(first, pfwrite);
                }
                break;
        }
}

运行结果：
运行后在原来的工程目录下新生成了一个output.c文件，我们打开这个文件如下：

可以看到我们已经很好的完成了C注释向C++注释的转换。