模拟发送GET请求
前置条件:导入requests库
一、发送不带参数的get请求
代码如下:
以百度首页为例
import requests # 发送get请求 response = requests.get(url="http://www.baidu.com") print(response.content.decode("utf-8")) # 以utf-8的编码输出内容
二、发送带参数的get请求
发送带参数的get请求有几种方式
方式一:参数在URL中
代码如下:
以百度首页为例
import requests # 发送带参数的get请求 # 方式一:参数在URL中 # http 协议,www.baidu.com 主机号,/s 请求地址,wd=猫 参数 host = "http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=猫" # 因为百度服务器会对头部信息做检查所以需要添加请求头 headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36'} response = requests.get(url=host,headers=headers) print(response.content.decode("utf-8"))
方式二:参数在字典中
代码如下:
以百度首页为例
import requests # 方式二:参数在字典中 host = "http://www.baidu.com/s" headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36'} data = {'wd':'金钱豹'} # 参数在字典中 response = requests.get(url=host,headers=headers,params=data) print(response.content.decode('utf-8'))
获取响应数据的基本信息
代码如下:
以百度首页为例
import requests # 发送get请求 response = requests.get(url="http://www.baidu.com") # 获取响应的基本信息 print( "状态码:", response.status_code ) print( "请求URL:",response.url ) print( "头部信息:", response.headers ) print( "cookie信息:", response.cookies ) print("字节形式信息:",response.content ) print("文本信息:",response.text) print("编码格式:",response.encoding)
封装get请求
代码示例:
# 封装get请求 def send_get(url): response = requests.get(url=url) return response print(send_get("https://www.jd.com/").content.decode("utf-8"))
封装main方法
代码示例:
# 封装main方法 def run_main(method,url,data=None,json_info=None): response = None if method == "GET": response = send_get(url,data) elif method == "POST": response = send_post(url,data,json_info) else: print("参数错误") response = None return response print(run_main("GET","https://www.jd.com/").content.decode("utf-8"))
封装测试类
代码示例:
# 将写好的get、post、run_mian方法做成类 import requests class run_test: session_obj = requests.session() def __init__(self,method,url,params=None,data=None,headers=None): self.method = method self.url = url self.params = params self.data = data self.headers = headers def send_get(self): res = run_test.session_obj.get(url=self.url,params=self.params,headers=self.headers) return res def send_post(self): res = run_test.session_obj.post(url=self.url,params=self.params, data=self.data,headers=self.headers) return res def run_main(self): if self.method == "GET": res = self.send_get() elif self.method == "POST": res = self.send_post() else: print("请求方式错误,请检查!") res = None return res if __name__ == "__main__": method = "GET" url = "https://www.jd.com" headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36"} test_obj = run_test(method=method,url=url,headers=headers) response = test_obj.run_main() print(response.content.decode("utf-8"))