更换yum仓库源
- cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
- rm -f dvd.repo
- wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 或者
- curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
- yum list
- 删除之前我们设置的本地源dvd.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm dvd.repo
rm:是否删除普通文件 "dvd.repo"?y
- 将之前备份的文件拷贝到yum.repos下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d.bak/* ./
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
- CentOS-Base.repo 这个配置文件就是我们要设置的网络源,先将它备份一下。
[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo Centos-Base.repo.bak
- 下载一个163的yum源,因为之前将CentOS-Base.repo重命名了,使用wget下载需要安装wget包,但是我们这个时候yum是没办法安装wget包的,所以可以curl –O 来下载:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1572 100 1572 0 0 7651 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 7820
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo.bak CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo
- 编辑看下配置文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo
- 清理之前本地yum缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
正在清理软件源: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
- 安装zsh包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=================================================================================
正在安装:
zsh x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base 2.4 M
事务概要
=================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量:2.4 M
安装大小:5.6 M
Downloading packages:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7
完毕!
- yum list //生成yum缓存
安装扩展源epel
- yum install -y epel-release
- yum list |grep epel
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep epel|head -15
* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
epel-release.noarch 7-9 @extras
0ad.x86_64 0.0.22-1.el7 epel
0ad-data.noarch 0.0.22-1.el7 epel
0install.x86_64 2.11-1.el7 epel
2048-cli.x86_64 0.9.1-1.el7 epel
2048-cli-nocurses.x86_64 0.9.1-1.el7 epel
2ping.noarch 3.2.1-2.el7 epel
389-admin.x86_64 1.1.46-1.el7 epel
389-admin-console.noarch 1.1.12-1.el7 epel
389-admin-console-doc.noarch 1.1.12-1.el7 epel
389-adminutil.x86_64 1.1.21-2.el7 epel
389-adminutil-devel.x86_64 1.1.21-2.el7 epel
389-console.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel
389-ds.noarch 1.2.2-6.el7 epel
yum下载rpm包
- yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly
- ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
- yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径
- yum reinstall -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径
有时候我们需要下载rpm包,而仅仅是复制给其他机器使用,yum工具安装rpm包时,首先下载这个rpm包,然后再去安装,所以我们可以做到只下载而不安装。
1. 下载rpm包而不安装的命令如下:# yum install -y 2ping.noarch --downloadonly
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y 2ping.noarch --downloadonly
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 2ping.noarch.0.3.2.1-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=================================================================================
正在安装:
2ping noarch 3.2.1-2.el7 epel 62 k
事务概要
=================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量:62 k
安装大小:204 k
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
警告:/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm.2289.tmp: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm.2289.tmp 的公钥尚未安装
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 62 kB 00:00:01
exiting because "Download Only" specified
yum默认下载到/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/XXX/packages/ 下面;这里的XXX指的是base,updates,epel等,它跟yum list最右侧的字符串一致。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm zmap-2.1.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
hiredis-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2. 下载到指定的目录下:--downloaddir=目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zmap --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zmap.x86_64.0.2.1.1-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libhiredis.so.0.12()(64bit),它被软件包 zmap-2.1.1-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 hiredis.x86_64.0.0.12.1-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================================
正在安装:
zmap x86_64 2.1.1-1.el7 epel 124 k
为依赖而安装:
hiredis x86_64 0.12.1-1.el7 epel 29 k
事务概要
================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
总下载量:154 k
安装大小:378 k
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp
1.txt.bz2
1.txt.gz
1.txt.xz
222
hiredis-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
systemd-private-7d28b5738df345b0bb18e85cef932021-vmtoolsd.service-43orfA
test
yum_save_tx.2017-11-14.23-50.Av9TET.yumtx
yum_save_tx.2017-11-14.23-50.ClMWHy.yumtx
yum_save_tx.2017-11-14.23-56.v0Q9N8.yumtx
zmap-2.1.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
如果已经安装过的包使用—downloadnoly就不起作用了,他会提示这个包已经安装过了,根本下载不下来:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tree --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
软件包 tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
3. 如果就是想下载已经安装过过的RPM包,使用命令reinstall
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y tree --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 已重新安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================================
重新安装:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k
事务概要
================================================================================================
重新安装 1 软件包
总下载量:46 k
安装大小:87 k
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
1.txt.bz2
1.txt.gz
1.txt.xz
222
hiredis-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
systemd-private-7d28b5738df345b0bb18e85cef932021-vmtoolsd.service-43orfA
test
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
源码包安装
- cd /usr/local/src/
- wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
- tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
- cd httpd-2.2.32
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
- make
- make install
- 卸载就是删除安装的文件
解包后,我们开始安装前要查看 INSTALL ;REDME 两个安装指导文件,查看怎么安装, 安装源码包通常有3个步骤:
./configure //这一步可以定制功能,./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 定义安装目录
make //编译成电脑识别的二进制文件
make install //用于创建相关软件的存放目录和配置文件
- 下载源码包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@linux-128 src]# wget https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
--2017-11-15 00:26:41-- https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
正在解析主机 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.6.177, 2402:f000:1:416:101:6:6:177
正在连接 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.6.177|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:7684419 (7.3M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz”
100%[======================================================>] 7,684,419 1.20MB/s 用时 7.3s
2017-11-15 00:26:49 (1.00 MB/s) - 已保存 “httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz” [7684419/7684419])
[root@localhost src]# ls
httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
注意:将源码包移动到/usr/local/src 下;约定,将源码包都放在这个文件下
- 解包
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 src]# ls
httpd-2.2.34 httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 src]# cd httpd-2.2.34
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE CHANGES httpd.dsp libhttpd.dep NOTICE server
acinclude.m4 config.layout httpd.mak libhttpd.dsp NWGNUmakefile srclib
Apache.dsw configure httpd.spec libhttpd.mak os support
build configure.in include LICENSE README test
BuildAll.dsp docs INSTALL Makefile.in README.platforms VERSIONING
BuildBin.dsp emacs-style InstallBin.dsp Makefile.win README-win32.txt
buildconf httpd.dep LAYOUT modules ROADMAP
1 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...
checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
注意: checking for gcc... no;没有安装gcc编译器
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# yum install -y gcc
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
- 验证是否成功命令:echo $?,返回值0,说明没有问题。
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
2 进行编译:make
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# make
- 执行完后可以echo $? ,0表示正常
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
3 安装:make install
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# make install
- 执行完后可以echo $? ,0表示正常
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
查看apache2目录
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include lib logs man manual modules