Spring DI方法注入

IOC-(DI)控制反转-(依赖注入)步骤

IOC称之为控制反转，简单来说就是将对象 的创建的权力及对象的生命周期的管理过程交由Spring框架来处理，从此在开发过程中不在需要关注对象的创建和生命周期的管理,而是在需要的时候由Spring框架提供，这个由Spring框架管理对象创建和生命周期的机制称之为控制反转。而在创建对象的过程中Spring可以依据配置对象的属性进行设置，这个过程称之为依赖注入，也即DI

1.set方法注入

a. Spring内置可直接注入的类型

package cn.tedu.beans;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class Hero {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private List<String> jobs;
        private Set<String> set;
        private Map<String,String> map;
        private Properties prop;
        private Dog dog;
        private Cat cat;

        public void setId(int id) {
                this.id = id;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
                this.name = name;
        }

        public void setJobs(List<String> jobs) {
                this.jobs = jobs;
        }

        public void setSet(Set<String> set) {
                this.set = set;
        }

        public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
                this.map = map;
        }

        public void setProp(Properties prop) {
                this.prop = prop;
        }

        public void setDog(Dog dog) {
                this.dog = dog;
        }

        public void setCat(Cat cat) {
                this.cat = cat;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
                return "Hero [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", jobs=" + jobs + ", set=" + set + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop + ", dog=" + dog + ", cat=" + cat + "]";
        }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/springbeans3.2.xsd">
        <bean id="hero" class="cn.tedu.beans.Hero">
				
                <property name="id" value="123"></property>
                <property name="name" value="漂移崽"></property>
                <property name="jobs">
                        <list>
                                <value>钢铁侠</value>
                                <value>猪猪侠</value>
                                <value>绿箭侠</value>
                                <value>凹凸曼</value>
                        </list>
                </property>

                <property name="set">
                        <set>
                                <value>aaa</value>
                                <value>bbb</value>
                                <value>ccc</value>
                                <value>aaa</value>
                        </set>
                </property>

                <property name="map">
                        <map>
                                 <entry key="addr" value="王者荣耀"></entry>
                                 <entry key="addr" value="英雄联盟"></entry>
                                 <entry key="skill" value="风火轮"></entry>
                                 <entry key="age" value="19"></entry>
                        </map>
                </property>

                <property name="prop">
                        <props>
                                <prop key="kOne">v1</prop>
                                <prop key="kTwo">v2</prop>
                                <prop key="kThree">v3</prop>
                                <prop key="kFour">v4</prop>
                        </props>
                </property>
        </bean>
</beans>

/**
 * SpringDI set方式属性注入 - Spring内置的可直接注入类型的注入
 */
@Test
public void test1(){

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Hero hero = (Hero) context.getBean("hero");
        System.out.println(hero);
}

b. 非Spring内置可直接注入的类型

package cn.tedu.beans;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class Hero {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private List<String> jobs;
        private Set<String> set;
        private Map<String,String> map;
        private Properties prop;
        private Dog dog;
        private Cat cat;

        public void setId(int id) {
                this.id = id;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
                this.name = name;
        }

        public void setJobs(List<String> jobs) {
                this.jobs = jobs;
        }

        public void setSet(Set<String> set) {
                this.set = set;
        }

        public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
                this.map = map;
        }

        public void setProp(Properties prop) {
                this.prop = prop;
        }

        public void setDog(Dog dog) {
                this.dog = dog;
        }

        public void setCat(Cat cat) {
                this.cat = cat;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
                return "Hero [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", jobs=" + jobs + ", set=" + set + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop + ", dog=" + dog + ", cat=" + cat + "]";
        }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/springbeans3.2.xsd">

        <bean id="hero" class="cn.tedu.beans.Hero">
                <property name="id" value="123"></property>
                <property name="name" value="亚瑟 "></property>
                <property name="jobs">
                        <list>
                                <value>钢铁侠</value>
                                <value>猪猪侠</value>
                                <value>绿箭侠</value>
                                <value>凹凸曼</value>
                        </list>
                </property>

                <property name="set">
                        <set>
                                <value>aaa</value>
                                <value>bbb</value>
                                <value>ccc</value>
                                <value>aaa</value>
                        </set>
                </property>

                <property name="map">
                        <map>
                                 <entry key="addr" value="王者荣耀"></entry>
                                 <entry key="addr" value="英雄联盟"></entry>
                                 <entry key="skill" value="风火轮"></entry>
                                 <entry key="age" value="19"></entry>
                        </map>
                </property>

                <property name="prop">
                        <props>
                                <prop key="kOne">v1</prop>
                                <prop key="kTwo">v2</prop>
                                <prop key="kThree">v3</prop>
                                <prop key="kFour">v4</prop>
                        </props>
                </property>
                
                <property name="dog" ref="dog"></property>
                <property name="cat" ref="cat"></property>
        </bean>
        <bean id="dog" class="cn.tedu.beans.Dog"></bean>
        <bean id="cat" class="cn.tedu.beans.Cat"></bean>
</beans>

/**
 * SpringDI set方式属性注入 - Spring内置的可直接注入类型的注入
 */
@Test
public void test2(){

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Hero hero = (Hero) context.getBean("hero");
        System.out.println(hero);
}

---

2.(有参)构造方法注入

package cn.tedu.beans;

public class Student {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private Dog dog;

        public Student(int id, String name, Dog dog) {
                this.id = id;
                this.name = name;
                this.dog = dog;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
                return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", dog=" + dog + "]";
        }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd"

        >

        <bean id="student" class="cn.tedu.beans.Student">

                <!--
                        index:为构造方法的第几个参数 进行配置,可以称为按下标来赋值(从0开始)
                        name:为构造方法的哪个属性的参数进行配置

                             **index 和 name 可以配置任何一个或同时配置 但要求一旦配置必须正确
                             **推荐优先使用index方式配置 防止没有源码造成name无法匹配到对应参数

                        type:该构造方法参数的类型
                        value:该构造方法参数的值 ,用来指定基本值
                        ref:该构造方法参数的值,用来指定引用其他bean的值

                 -->
                <constructor-arg index="0" name="id" value="999"/>
                <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.String" value="张无忌"/>
                <constructor-arg name="dog" ref="dog"/>
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="dog" class="cn.tedu.beans.Dog"></bean>
</beans>

/**
 * SpringDI 构造方法方式属性注入
 */
@Test
public void test3(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student);
}

---

3.自动装配

在Spring的set方式实现的注入过程中，支持自动装配机制，所谓自动装配机制，会根据要设置的javabean属性的名字 或 类型 到spring中自动寻找对应id 或 类型的进行设置，从而 省去依次配置的过程，简化了配置。

a. 指定开始自动装配

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/springbeans3.2.xsd">

        <!--

                autowire设定自动装配：

                        byName:根据javabean中需要注入的属性的名字 ，在spring容器中找对应id的<bean>将该<bean>的对象复制给 当前的属性
                        byType:根据javabean中需要注入的属性的类型，在spring容器中找对应class类型的<bean>将该<bean>的对象复制给 当前的属性

                        **byType方式 根据类型进行匹配，可能匹配到多个<bean>,此时会抛出异常。而byName是通过id来寻找<bean>，id没有重复，不会有这方面的问题，所以推荐使用byName方式

         -->

        <bean id="teacher" class="cn.tedu.beans.Teacher" autowire="byName"></bean>
        <bean id="dog" class="cn.tedu.beans.Dog"></bean>
        <bean id="cat" class="cn.tedu.beans.Cat"></bean>
        
</beans>

b. 全局配置自动装配

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/springbeans3.2.xsd"default-autowire="byName">

        <!--
                autowire设定自动装配：

                        byName:根据javabean中需要注入的属性的名字 ，在spring容器中找对应id的<bean>将该<bean>的对象复制给 当前的属性
                        byType:根据javabean中需要注入的属性的类型，在spring容器中找对应class类型的<bean>将该<bean>的对象复制给 当前的属性

                        **byType方式 根据类型进行匹配，可能匹配到多个<bean>,此时会抛出异常。而byName是通过id来寻找<bean>，id没有重复，不会有这方面的问题，所以推荐使用byName方式

         -->

        <bean id="teacher" class="cn.tedu.beans.Teacher"></bean>
        <bean id="dog" class="cn.tedu.beans.Dog"></bean>
        <bean id="cat" class="cn.tedu.beans.Cat"></bean>
        
</beans>

package cn.tedu.beans;

public class Teacher {

        private Dog dog;
        private Cat cat;

        public void setDog(Dog dog) {
                this.dog = dog;
        }

        public void setCat(Cat cat) {
                this.cat = cat;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
                return "Teacher [dog=" + dog + ", cat=" + cat + "]";
        }

}

/**
 * SpringDI 自动装配
 */
@Test
public void test4(){

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Teacher teacher = (Teacher) context.getBean("teacher");
        System.out.println(teacher);

}