resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd"
version="2.1">
<!--
transaction-type:
JTA:分布式事务管理
RESOURCE_LOCAL:本地事务管理
-->
<persistence-unit name="default" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<properties>
<!-- 数据源配置-->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123456"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpalearning?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"/>
<!-- jpa实现方配置信息 -->
<!-- 是否打印sql语句-->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
<!-- 自动创建数据库表
create:程序运行就创建表;
update:程序运行时更新表;
none:不会创建表;-->
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("default");
//2.通过实体管理器工程获取实体管理器
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
entityManager.persist(customer);
transaction.commit();
entityManager.close();
entityManagerFactory.close();
package com.liyuan.model;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* 客户实体类
* 1、实体类和表的映射关系
* 2.属性和字段的映射关系
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "customer")
public class Customer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id")
private Integer id;
@Column(name="address")
private String address;
@Column(name = "name")
private String name;
@Column(name = "level")
private String level;
@Column(name = "source")
private String source;
@Column(name = "industry")
private String industry;
@Column(name = "phone")
private String phone;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"id=" + id +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", level='" + level + '\'' +
", source='" + source + '\'' +
", industry='" + industry + '\'' +
", phone='" + phone + '\'' +
'}';
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getLevel() {
return level;
}
public void setLevel(String level) {
this.level = level;
}
public String getSource() {
return source;
}
public void setSource(String source) {
this.source = source;
}
public String getIndustry() {
return industry;
}
public void setIndustry(String industry) {
this.industry = industry;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
}
2
2.1.主键生成策略
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
(1)strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY
数据库该字段需要有 auto_increment,对id自动增长
(2) strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE
序列,适用于oracle数据库
(3)strategy = GenerationType.TABLE
通过数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增
(4)strategy = generationType.AUTO
由程序自动帮助我们选择主键生成策略
2.2 配置属性和字段映射关系
@Column
name:数据库表中字段名称
2.3.一些方法
EntityManager
beginTransaction:创建事务对象
persist :保存(增)
merge :更新(改)
Customer customer1 = entityManager.getReference(Customer.class, 1);
customer1.setAddress("this is a new address!");
System.out.println(customer1.toString());
entityManager.merge(customer1);
remove :删除(删)
Customer customer1 = entityManager.getReference(Customer.class, 2);
// System.out.println(customer1.toString());
entityManager.remove(customer1);
find/getReference:根据id查询(查)
getReference -> 产生了代理
Transaction:
begin:开启事务
commit:提交事务
rollback:回滚
2.4. JPQL查询
Java Persistence Query Language
SQL:查询的是表和表中的字段;
JPQL:查询的是实体类和类中的属性
1.查询全部
TypedQuery<Customer> from_customer = entityManager.createQuery("from Customer order by id desc", Customer.class);
List<Customer> resultList = from_customer.getResultList();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(resultList.toArray()));
2.分页查询(我测试时失败)
TypedQuery<Customer> from_customer = entityManager.createQuery("from Customer", Customer.class);
from_customer.setFirstResult(0);
from_customer.setMaxResults(10);
System.out.println(from_customer.getResultList());
3.统计查询
TypedQuery<Long> query = entityManager.createQuery("select count(id) from Customer ", Long.class);
Long singleResult = query.getSingleResult();
System.out.println(singleResult);
4.条件查询
TypedQuery<Customer> query = entityManager.createQuery("from Customer where id=?1", Customer.class);
query.setParameter(1, 2);
Customer singleResult = query.getSingleResult();
System.out.println(singleResult);
5.排序
p32
Spring Data JPA
1.概述
Spring基于ORM的框架的JPA框架;
Java Persistence API为一套规范,内部由接口和抽象类组成,hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架,而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范,所以也可以将HIbernate成为JPA的一种实现方式,我们使用JPA的API规范,意味着站在更高的角度上看待问题(面向接口编程)
2.基本操作
3.运行过程及原理
4.复杂查询
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa https://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.liyuan"/>
<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.liyuan.model"/>
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
<property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect"/>
<property name="showSql" value="true"/>
</bean>
</property>
<!-- JPA Dialect 高级特性-->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
</bean>
<!-- dao层包扫描-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.liyuan.dao"
transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<!-- 事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- -->
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>JPALearning</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- //jpa->hibernate/spring data\\-->
<!-- //jap->spring data-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1-b11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
CustomerDao customerDao = (CustomerDao) applicationContext.getBean("customerDao");
Optional<Customer> byId = customerDao.findById(2);
System.out.println(byId.toString());
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}
P47
动态代理了该CustomerDao接口,
JdkDynamicAopProxy
最终得到的代理类为SimpleJpaRepository
-
1 通过JdkDynamicAopProxy创建动态代理对象
-
2 动态代理对象:simpleJpaRepository
-
3 由下可知simpleJpsRepository也实现了JpaRepository方法,可知其为接口JpaRepository具体实现类
-
3.1 public class SimpleJpaRepository<T, ID> implements JpaRepositoryImplementation<T, ID>
-
3.2 public interface JpaRepositoryImplementation<T, ID> extends JpaRepository<T, ID>, JpaSpecificationExecutor
-
4 通过entityManager完成查询操作
-
5 JPA规范
-
6 Hibernate封装jdbc查询数据库
立即加载以及延迟加载;
JPQL;查询实体类
e.g.根据客户名称查询客户
@Query(value = "from Customer where name= ?1")
List<Customer> queryByName(String customerName);
p54