EX4: Variables and Names
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例子:
cars = 100 space_in_a_car = 4 drivers = 30 passengers = 90 cars_not_driven = cars - drivers cars_driven = drivers carpool_capacity = cars_driven * space_in_a_car average_passengers_per_car = passengers / cars_driven print("There are", cars,"cars available.") print("There are only", drivers,"drivers available.") print("There will be", cars_not_driven, "empty cars today.") print("We can transport", carpool_capacity,"people today.") print("We have", passengers, "to carpool today.") print("We need to put about", average_passengers_per_car, "in each car.")
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学习内容:变量;
=
;_
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变量(variable)
- 变量就是一个存储数据的内存空间对象。定义一个变量,即向内存申请一个带地址的访问空间对象,用来存储数据,通过变量名找到(**指向)**这个值。
- 在
python
中的变量赋值不需要声明类型,即不需要说明这个数据是int
型,float
型等。 - 每个变量在使用前都必须赋值,变量赋值以后该变量才会被创建。
-
=
-
赋值。
a = 1
:将1
这个数值赋予a
,a
为变量名。 -
=
和==
是有区别的:
-
-
=
的意思是赋值,==
的意思是比较两边的值是否一致输入: cars = 100 drivers = 30 print(cars, cars == drivers) 结果: 100 False
cars
的值为100。False
:cars
和drivers
的值是否相等,结果是False
,意思是不相等。
-
-
深入练习(Study Drills)
-
改变代码(寻找可能情况及错误)
(运行代码太长,只选取部分来执行)
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变量名不一致
输入:
space_in_a_car = 4 drivers = 30 cars_driven = drivers carpool_capacity = cars_driven * space_in_a_car print("We can transport", car_pool_capacity,"people today.")
结果:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "ex4.py", line 13, in <module> print("We can transport", car_pool_capacity,"people today.") NameError: name 'car_pool_capacity' is not defined
变量名错误:
car_pool_capacity
没有被定义。变量名必须完全一致。
-
同一变量名赋值两次
输入:
space_in_a_car = 4 # print(space_in_a_car) space_in_a_car = 5 print("space_in_a_car: ", space_in_a_car)
结果:
space_in_a_car: 5
因为同一变量名,下面的赋值会覆盖上面的赋值。
-
print()
中缺了逗号输入:
cars = 100 print("There are" cars,"cars available.")
结果:
File "ex4.py", line 2 print("There are" cars,"cars available.") ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
语法错误:无效语法。
如果没有逗号,
print()
在打印输出时遇到右引号时就以为命令已经结束了,就无法识别右引号后面的内容。 -
运算式可以在
print()
中执行输入:
drivers = 30 passengers = 90 cars_driven = drivers average_passengers_per_car = passengers / cars_driven print("We need to put about", average_passengers_per_car, "in each car.") print("We need to put about", passengers / cars_driven, "in each car.")
结果:
We need to put about 3.0 in each car. We need to put about 3.0 in each car.
上下两个
print()
函数的内容等价。
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我的GitHub中有详细的代码下载:https://github.com/YukyCookie/learn-python-three-the-hard-way.git