1 异常处理的解决
1.1 搭建环境
index.jsp
success.jsp
Controller:
运行,然后点击:
当我们运行的时候 报错:
当我们运行,把错误结果直接打到页面上,这样显得特别不友好,效果也不高。
那么怎么解决呢?
当web抛出异常给前端控制器,我们可以写一个异常处理器用来处理异常。
当我们出现异常的时候,我们会调用异常处理器帮我们处理异常。
这是正规的方式。
1.2 异常处理器处理异常
- 编写自定义异常类(做提示信息的)
- 编写异常处理器
- 配置异常处理器(跳转到提示页面)
1.2.1 编写自定义异常类(做提示信息的)
我们新建一个exception包,里面放入一个类
get和set方法,构造器
首先我们应该捕获异常
选中它 ctrl+alt+t
首先我们出异常,然后捕获异常
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/testException")
public String testException() throws SysException{
System.out.println("testException执行了。。。");
try {
int a = 10/0;
} catch (Exception e) {
// 打印异常信息
e.printStackTrace();
// 抛出自定义异常信息
throw new SysException("查询所有用户出现错误了...");
}
return "success";
}
}
1.2.2 编写异常处理器
新建一个类SysExceptionResolver
必须要实现一个接口
1.2.3 配置异常处理器(跳转到提示页面)
再springmvc.xml配置文件中配置异常处理器
class: SysExceptionResolver 我们放的目录(填写自己的目录)
配置一个跳转页面error:
跳转页面了。
2 拦截器的编写
2.1拦截器的作用
拦截器会在执行controller代码之前拦截
执行controller代码之后也拦截。
当发送请求的时候,拦截器会执行放行钱的代码1
当代码1执行完毕之后,后面的controller会正常执行
当controller执行完往页面跳转的时候会执行放行后的代码2.
过滤器和拦截器的区别:
2.2 拦截器的编写
2.2.1 预处理执行
步骤
- 编写拦截器类,显示HandlerInterceptor接口
- 配置拦截器
index.jsp
方法:
实现类:
preHandle:预处理
return true: 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controlle中的方法
return false:不放行
按住crtl+o
springmvc.xml 配置拦截器
success.jsp:
控制台打印信息:
如果拦截器不放行: return false
我们自行指定跳转到其他页面去: (跳转到error页面去)
再次运行:
跳转到了error.jsp页面:
控制台只显示了:
2.2.2 后处理postHandle
指的是Controller执行完,往某个页面去跳
我们再次运行一下:
控制台显示:
测试一下顺序: 跳转到error页面:
点击:
控制台显示:
success.jsp这句话会输出,但是真正跳转的是error的错误页面
不会跳转成功页面。
2.2.3 后处理afterCompletion
再次运行结果显示:
2.3 写两个拦截器
再输出的时候添加了2222 字眼来识别
再springmvc.jsp中, 配置第二个拦截器
重新运行结果之后:
2 全部代码
pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>Springmvc_day02_03_interceptor</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>Springmvc_day02_03_interceptor Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--上传文件的jar包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>Springmvc_day02_03_interceptor</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Yuz
Date: 2019/5/9
Time: 15:09
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--<h3>异常处理</h3>--%>
<%--<a href="user/testException">异常处理</a>--%>
<h3>拦截器</h3>
<a href="/user/testInterceptor">拦截器</a>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
success.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Yuz
Date: 2019/5/7
Time: 22:13
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>执行成功</h3>
<% System.out.println("success.jsp执行了.."); %>
</form>
</body>
</html>
error.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Yuz
Date: 2019/5/9
Time: 15:49
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>错误页面</h3>
${errorMsg}
</body>
</html>
springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>
<!--视图解析器对象-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置文件解析器-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
</bean>
<!--前端控制器,哪些静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/> <!-- js -->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/> <!-- 样式 -->
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/> <!-- 图片 -->
<!--配置异常处理器-->
<bean id="sysExceptionResolver" class="com.exception.SysExceptionResolver"/>
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--要拦截的具体方法-->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/*"/>
<!--不要拦截的方法-->
<!--<mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>-->
<bean class="com.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
<!--开启SpringMVC框架注释的支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
MyInterceptor1
package com.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 自定义拦截器
*/
public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
*
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了。。。前");
return true;
}
/**
* 后处理方法 controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了。。后");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
/**
* success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了。。最后");
}
}
SysExceptionResolver
package com.exception;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 异常处理器
*/
public class SysExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
/**
* 处理异常业务逻辑
* @param httpServletRequest
* @param httpServletResponse
* @param o
* @param e
* @return
*/
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
Object o, Exception e) {
//获取到异常对象
SysException ex = null;
if(e instanceof SysException){
ex = (SysException)e;
}else{
ex = new SysException("系统正在维护..");
}
//创建ModelAndView对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("errorMsg",ex.getMessage());
mv.setViewName("error");
return mv;
}
}
SysException
package com.exception;
/**
* 自定义异常处理类
*/
public class SysException extends Exception{
//存储错误信息
String message;
public SysException(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
@Override
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
UserController
package com.controller;
import com.exception.SysException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/testException")
public String testException() throws SysException{
System.out.println("testException执行了。。。");
try {
int a = 10/0;
} catch (Exception e) {
// 打印异常信息
e.printStackTrace();
// 抛出自定义异常信息
throw new SysException("查询所有用户出现错误了...");
}
return "success";
}
/**
* 拦截器
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testInterceptor")
public String testInterceptor(){
System.out.println("testInterceptor执行了。。。");
return "success";
}
}