文章目录
1.7 线程状态
1.7.1 线程停止stop
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("run....Thread" + i++);
}
}
//2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
System.out.println("main" + i);
if (i == 900){
//调用stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了");
}
}
}
}
/*
测试stop:
1.建议线程正常停止:利用次数,不建议死循环
2.建议使用标志位:设置一个标志位
3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
*/
1.7.2 线程休眠sleep
//模拟网络延时:放大问题的发生性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable{
//票数
private int tickerNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (tickerNums <= 0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->拿到了第" + tickerNums-- + "张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestSleep testsleep = new TestSleep();
new Thread(testsleep, "小明").start();
new Thread(testsleep, "老师").start();
new Thread(testsleep, "黄牛党").start();
}
}
/*
sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
sleep存在异常InterruptException
sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时等
每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
*/
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//打印当前系统时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH: mm: ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //更新当前时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
int num = 10;
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if (num <= 0){
break;
}
}
}
}
1.7.3 线程礼让yield
//礼让线程,让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞,将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态,让cpu重新调度,礼让你一定成功,看cpu心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield, "a").start();
new Thread(myYield, "b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程停止执行");
}
}
1.7.4 线程强制执行join
//join合并线程,其他线程阻塞,待此线程执行完成后,在执行其他线程(插队)
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程vip来了" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//启动我们的线程
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
if (i == 200){
thread.join(); //插队
}
System.out.println("main" + i);
}
}
}
1.7.5 观测线程状态
- NEW:尚未启动的线程处于此状态
- RUNNABLE:在Java虚拟中执行的线程处于此状态
- BLOCKED:被阻塞等待监视器锁定的线程处于此状态
- WAITING:正在等待另一个线程执行特定动作的线程处于此状态
- TIMED WAITING:正在等待另一个线程执行动作达到指定等待时间的线程处于此状态
- TERMINATED:已退出的线程处于此状态
//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("///");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println("new: " + state); //NEW
//观察启动后
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println("start: " + state); //RUNNABLE
//只要线程不中止,就一直输出状态
while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState(); //更新线程状态
System.out.println(state); //输出状态
}
}
}
1.7.6 线程的优先级
-
Java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调度哪个线程来执行。
-
线程的优先级用数字表示,范围从1~10
- Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1;
- Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
- Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
-
使用以下方式改变或获取优先级
- getPriority ( ) . setPriority(int xxx)
-
优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用了,这都是看cpu的调度
//测试线程优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级,在启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); //MAX_PRIORITY = 10
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(7);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
1.7.8 守护线程daemon
-
线程分为用户线程和守护线程
-
虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕(main),虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕(后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等待…)
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true); //默认是false,表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程
thread.start(); //上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start(); //你 用户线程
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("===goodbye! world!===");
}
}
1.8 线程同步
- 多个线程操作同一个资源:并发(队列 + 锁)
- 由于同一个进程的多个线程共享同一块存储空间,在带来方便的同时,也带来了访问冲突问题,为了保证数据在方法中被访问时的正确性,在访问时加入锁机制synchronized,当一个线程获得对象的排他锁,独占资源,其他线程必须等待,使用后释放锁即可,但也存在一些问题:
- 一个线程持有锁会导致其他所有需要此锁的线程挂起;
- 在多线程竞争下,加锁,释放锁会导致比较多的上下文切换和调度延时,引起性能问题;
- 如果一个优先级高的线程等待一个优先级低的小店成释放锁,会导致优先级倒置,引起性能问题。
1.8.1 不安全的买票
//不安全的买票:线程不安全,有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station, "苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station, "牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station, "可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums <= 0){
flag = false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "张票");
}
}
1.8.2 不安全的取钱
//不安全的取钱:两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100, "结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money; //余额
String name; //卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account; //账户
int drawingMoney; //取了多少钱
int nowMoney; //现在手里有多少钱
public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money-drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name + "余额为:" + account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱为: " + nowMoney);
}
}
1.8.3 不安全的集合
//线程不安全集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++){
new Thread(() -> {list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
1.8.4 同步方法
-
由于我们可以通过private关键字来保证数据对象只能被方法访问,所以我们只需要针对方法提出一套机制,这套机制就是synchronized关键字,它包括两种方法:synchronized方法和synchronized块
public synchronized void main method(int args){} //同步方法
-
synchronized方法控制对”对象“的访问,每个对象对应一把锁,每个synchronized方法都必须获得调用该方法的对象的锁才能执行,否则线程会阻塞,方法一旦执行,就独占该锁,直到方法返回才释放锁,后面被阻塞的线程才能获得这个锁,继续执行(方法里面需要修改的内容才需要锁)
缺陷:若将一个大的方法申明为synchronized将会影响效率
-
同步块:synchronized(obj){}
-
Obj称之为同步监视器
- Obj可以是任何对象,但是推荐使用共享资源作为同步监视器
- 同步方法中无需指定同步监视器,因为同步方法的同步监视器就是this,就是这个对象本身,或者是class[反射中讲解]
-
同步监视器的执行过程
- 第一个线程访问,锁定同步监视器,执行其中的代码
- 第二个线程访问,发现同步监视器被锁定,无法访问
- 第一个线程访问完毕,解锁同步监视器
- 第二个线程访问,发现同步监视器没有锁,然后锁定并访问
-
同步方法
//安全的买票
public class SafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station, "苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station, "牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station, "可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized 同步方法:锁的是this,对象本身
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums < 1){
flag = false;
return;
}
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "张票");
}
}
- 同步块
//安全的取钱:两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class SafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(1000, "结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money; //余额
String name; //卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account; //账户
int drawingMoney; //取了多少钱
int nowMoney; //现在手里有多少钱
public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
//synchronized默认锁的是他的本身
@Override
public void run() {
//锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
synchronized (account){
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name + "余额为:" + account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱为: " + nowMoney);
}
}
}
//安全集合
public class SafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++){
new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
- GUC
//测试JUC安全类型的集合:并发编程
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
}