drf之day05: 2个视图基类，GenericAPIView的属性和方法，基于APIView写5个接口，基于GenericAPIView写5个接口，5个视图扩展类，9个视图子类，视图集

一：2个视图基类

1.GenericAPIView的属性和方法

属性：

属性	作用
queryset	要序列化的数据
serializer_class	序列化类
lookup_field	通过get_object获取单个对象的查询key值，value值是路由中传进来的
filter_backends	过滤类
pagination_class	分页类

方法：

方法	作用
get_queryset	获取要序列化的所有数据
get_object	获取要序列化的单条数据
get_serializer	获取序列化类
get_serializer_class	获取序列化类，不是直接用的get_serializer调用的它
filter_queryset	跟过滤有关系
paginate_xxx	跟分页有关系

二：基于APIView写5个接口

Class UserView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        res_list = User.object.all()
        ser = UserSerializer(instance=res_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)
    
    def post(self.request):
        ser = UserSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功'}， status=201)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
        
class UserDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        obj = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        ser = UserSerializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        obj = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        ser = UserSerializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': "修改成功"}, status=201)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        User.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('')

三：基于GenericAPIView写5个接口

class UserView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = User.object.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
    def get(self, request):
        res_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=res_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)
    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_queryset(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功'}, status=201)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
        
        
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
    def get(self, request, pk):
        obj = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
      	return Response(ser.data)
    
    def put(self, request, pk):
        obj = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_Valid():
            ser.save()
			return Response('code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功' )
        else: 
            return Response('code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors)
       
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('')

四：五个视图扩展类

1…基于GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类写接口

1.必须配合GenericAPIView使用，不能配合APIView使用

from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestoryModelMixin, ListModelMixin

class UserView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    # 配置两个类属性
    queryset = User.object.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestoryModelMixin):
    queryset = User.object.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destory(request, *args, **kwargs)

视图扩展类	方法	对应视图类中的方法
CreateModelMixin	create	post
RetrieveModelMixin	retrieve	get
UpdateModelMixin	update	put
ListModelMixin	list	get
DestoryModelMixin	destory	delete

五：9个视图子类

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,   RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,UpdateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,     RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView

class UserView(ListCreateAPIView):
    # 配置两个 类属性
    queryset = User.object.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
class UserDetailAPIView(RetrieveUpdateDestoryAPIView):
    queryset = User.object.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

六：视图集

1.继承ModelViewSet编写5个接口

views.py

form rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet, ReadOnlyModelViewSet

class UserView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.object.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

urls.py

path('user/', views.UserView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
path('user/<int:pk>', views.UserView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),

七：源码分析

@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs):
    # 路由中as_view中必须传参数，必须传字典：{'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
    if not actions: 
        raise TypeError("The `actions` argument must be provided when "
                        "calling `.as_view()` on a ViewSet. For example "
                        "`.as_view({'get': 'list'})`")
	# 路由匹配成功，执行view(request)，request是老的request
    def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
	    # actions={'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
        for method, action in actions.items():
            # method:get      action:list
            # self 是视图类的对象中通过反射，查找list，
            # handler视图类中的list方法
            handler = getattr(self, action)
            # 向视图类的对象中，反射 method:get,handler:list方法
            # self.get=list
            setattr(self, method, handler)
        return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
    return csrf_exempt(view)


# 只要继承了ViewSetMixin，以后路由写法变量，都要协程：views.UserView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}))
# 这样写好以后，对应的请求方式来了，就会执行配置的方法


# 扩展：
	-以后只要继承了ViewSetMixin，视图类中可以写任意名字的方法，不用非得写get，post，delete

八：def中类之间的继承关系图