HCIP 重发布 路由策略实验 2023.1.8

一、实验要求

二、解题思路

1. 先配置好各个路由器的接口IP和环回IP，然后在对应的路由协议中进行网段宣告；

2. 在R7的OSPF协议中，将其（直连路由）环回7.7.7.7/24引入；

3. 在R2和R3上进行多学点双向重发布操作，这时会发现R1~R4四个路由器之间出现了环路，其原因是R7的环回经过从发布导入后，当R4向R1共享路由时，从R4的G0/0/0口发出的路由或G0/0/1口发出的路由会在R2的G0/0/0或R3的G0/0/1口相遇，由于R7的环回是直接重发布进入的，优先级为150，而RIP中学到的R7环回的路由优先级为100，所以二者相遇会摒弃优先级为150的路由，当优先级为100的路由通过R2或R3后，会再一次共享给R4，这样就造成路R7环回路由的出环；

4. 为了解决出环问题，可以在R3的G0/0/1口和R2的G0/0/0口做一个路由策略，将RIP学到的路由的优先级改为151，这样既解决了路由器间（物理）线路正常情况下的环路问题，也解决了路由器间（物理）线路出现问题后，仍然保持正常通讯的问题（备份路由）；

5. 由于R5-R7 访问RIP时的下一跳均是R4，所以只需要解决R1-R4之间的选路最佳，又因为R1到R4时负载均衡，所以需要解决R2和R3最佳选路即可；

三、配置命令

1、配置IP、RIP/OSPF宣告

[r1]int lo0

[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24

[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.1 24

[r1]int g0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 13.1.1.1 24

[r1]rip

[r1]rip 1

[r1-rip-1]ver 2

[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0

[r2]int g0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.1 24

[r2]rip

[r2]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]ver 2

[r2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0

[r2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[r2-ospf-1]area 0

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[r3]int g0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.1 24

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24

[r3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.2 24

[r3]rip 1

[r3-rip-1]ver 2

[r3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[r3-ospf-1]are

[r3-ospf-1]area 0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[r4]int g0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 24.1.1.2 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.2 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24

[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/2

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24

[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4

[r4-ospf-1]area 0

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

[r5]int g0/0/0

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.1 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[r5-ospf-1]area 0

[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

[r6]int g0/0/0

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.2 24

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0

[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24

[r7]int g0/0/0

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0

[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 24

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[r7-ospf-1]area 0

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

2、R7环回向OSPF重发布----导入直连路由

[r7]ospf 1

[r7-ospf-1]import-route direct

3、R2/R3双向重发布----会导致“出环”

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip

[r2]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

[r3]ospf 1

[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip

[r3]rip 1

[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

4、解决R1-R4出环

R3

[r3]route-policy a permit node 10

[r3-route-policy]apply preference 151

[r3]rip 1

[r3-rip-1]preference route-policy a

R2

[r2]acl 2000

[r2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 7.7.7.0 0

[r2]route-policy a permit node 10

[r2-route-policy]if-match acl 2000

[r2-route-policy]apply preference 151

[r2]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]preference route-policy a

5、最佳选路

（1）出现“回馈“”----R3

1、改接口工作方式----broadcast

2、改环回IP地址：

[r3]int lo0

[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32

（2）选路最佳

[r2]acl 2001

[r2-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 3.3.3.3 0

[r2-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 34.1.1.0 0

[r2]int g0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout 2001 2

[r3]acl 2001

[r3-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 24.1.1.0 0

[r3]int g0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout 2001 2

[r2]ip ip-prefix q permit 12.1.1.0 24

[r2]ip ip-prefix q permit 2.2.2.0 24

[r2]route-policy w permit node 10

[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix q

[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

[r2]route-policy w permit node 20

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy w

[r3]ip ip-prefix q permit 13.1.1.0 24

[r3]route-policy w permit node 10

[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix q

[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-2

[r3]route-policy w permit node 20

[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy w

[r3]route-policy w permit node 10

[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix q

[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

[r3]route-policy w permit node 20

[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy w

四、实验截图

1. • 查看路由表

2、测试