MySQL 数据库的备份与还原 2023.7.22

1.创建student和score表

CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL,
sex  VARCHAR(4),
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20),
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);

CREATE  TABLE  score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL,
c_name  VARCHAR(20),
grade  INT(10)
);

2.为student表和score表增加记录

1、向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');


2、向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p  -B school > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/school.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p -B school > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/schooldrop.sql

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p school | gzip > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/schoolzip.sql.gz

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p school student > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/student.sql

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B school teacher > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/mdatabases.sql

8.仅仅备份数据库结构 

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/schoolJG.sql

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A > /root/mysql/mysql-backup/AllBase.sql

10.还原MySQL数据库

mysql> create database school;
[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mysql -uroot -p school < /root/mysql/mysql-backup/school.sql

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# gunzip < /root/mysql/mysql-backup/schoolzip.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p school

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# innobackupex -uroot -p /root/mysql/mysql-backup/DB1

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# innobackupex --copy-back /root/mysql/mysql-backup/DB1/2023-07-22_15-11-19

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mydumper -u root -p -B school -o /root/mysql/mysql-backup/DB

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@localhost mysql-backup]# mydumper -u root -p -d /root/mysql/mysql-backup/DB -o -B school