【C++】String_COW(写时拷贝）-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ZDF0414/article/details/48180561
//第一种
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
	String()
		:_str(new char[1])
		, _pRefCount(new int(1))
	{
		_str[0] = '\0';
	}
	String(char *str)
		:_str(new char[strlen(str)+1])
		, _pRefCount(new int(1))
	{
		strcpy(_str, str);
		
	}
	String(const String &s)
		:_str(s._str)
		, _pRefCount(s._pRefCount)
	{
		(*_pRefCount)++;
	}
	String &operator=(const String &s)
	{
		if (this != &s)
		{
			if (_str&&--(*_pRefCount) == 0)
			{
				delete[]_str;
				delete _pRefCount;
			}
			_str = s._str;
			_pRefCount = s._pRefCount;
			++(*s._pRefCount);
		}
		return *this;
	}
	~String()
	{
		Relase();
	}
	void Relase()
	{
		if (_str&&--(*_pRefCount) == 0)
		{
			delete[]_str;
			delete _pRefCount;
		}
	}
	char &operator[](size_t index)
	{
		if (*_pRefCount >1)
		{
			--(*_pRefCount);
			char *tmp = new char[strlen(_str) + 1];
			strcpy(tmp, _str);
			_str = tmp;
			_pRefCount = new int(1);
		}
		return _str[index];
	}
	friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, String &s);
private:
	char *_str;
	int *_pRefCount; //引用计数
};

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, String &s)
{
	os << s._str << endl;;
	return os;
}
int main()
{
	String op1("abcd");
	String op2 = op1;
	String op3("AB");
	String op4 = op3;
	op3 = op1;
	cout <<"op1="<< op1 << endl;
	cout << "op2=" << op2 << endl;
	cout << "op3=" << op3 << endl;
	cout << "op4=" << op4 << endl;
	op3[0] = 'x';
	cout << "op1=" << op1 << endl;
	cout << "op2=" << op2 << endl;
	cout << "op3=" << op3 << endl;
	cout << "op4=" << op4 << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

//优化版本   //把计数与字符串所需的空间开辟在一起，该空间的前四个字节存计数值
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
	String()
		:_str(new char[5])
	{
		*_str = 1;
		_str += 4;
		*_str = '\0';
	}
	String(char *str)
		:_str(new char[strlen(str) + 5])
	{
		*(int *)_str = 1;
		_str += 4;
		strcpy(_str, str);

	}
	String(const String &s)
		:_str(s._str)
	{
		(*(int *)(_str - 4))++;
	}
	String &operator=(const String &s)
	{
		if (this != &s)
		{
			if (_str&&--(*(int *)(_str - 4)) == 0)
			{
				delete[](_str - 4);
			}
			_str = s._str;
			*(int *)(_str - 4) = *(int *)s._str;
		}
		return *this;
	}
	~String()
	{
		Relase();
	}
	void Relase()
	{
		if (_str&&--*(int *)(_str-4) == 0)
		{
			delete[](_str-4);
		}
	}
	char &operator[](size_t index)
	{
		if (*(int*)(_str - 4) >1)
		{
			(*(int *)(_str - 4))--;
			char *tmp = new char[strlen(_str) + 5];
			(*(int *)(tmp)) = 1;
			tmp += 4;
			strcpy(tmp, _str);
			_str = tmp;
		}
		
		return _str[index];
	}
	friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, String &s);
private:
	char *_str;
};

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, String &s)
{
	os << s._str<< endl;
	return os;
}
int main()
{
	String op1("abcd");
	String op2 = op1;
	String op3("AB");
	String op4 = op3;
	
	op3 = op1;
	cout << "op1=" << op1 << endl;
	cout << "op2=" << op2 << endl;
	cout << "op3=" << op3 << endl;
	cout << "op4=" << op4 << endl;
	op3[0] = 'A';
	cout << "op1=" << op1 << endl;
	cout << "op2=" << op2 << endl;
	cout << "op3=" << op3 << endl;
	cout << "op4=" << op4 << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}